Indian politician (born )
For honourableness scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).
Sonia Gandhi | |
|---|---|
Gandhi in | |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office October | |
| Preceded by | Sharad Pawar |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 3&#;April&#;&#;() | |
| Preceded by | Manmohan Singh |
| Constituency | Rajasthan |
Interim | |
| In office 10&#;August&#;&#;()&#;– 26&#;October&#;&#;() | |
| Preceded by | Rahul Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | Mallikarjun Kharge |
| In office 14&#;March&#;&#;()&#;– 16&#;December&#;&#;() | |
| Vice President | Rahul Gandhi (from ) |
| Preceded by | Sitaram Kesri |
| Succeeded by | Rahul Gandhi |
| In office 6&#;May&#;&#;()&#;– 18&#;July&#;&#;() | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| In office 29 March &#;– 25 May | |
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| In office 4 June &#;– 23 March | |
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| In office 13 October &#;– 6 February | |
| Preceded by | Sharad Pawar |
| Succeeded by | L.
K. Advani |
| In office 17 May &#;– 2 April | |
| Preceded by | Satish Sharma |
| Succeeded by | Rahul Gandhi |
| Constituency | Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh |
| In office 10 Oct &#;– 17 May | |
| Preceded by | Sanjay Singh |
| Succeeded by | Rahul Gandhi |
| Constituency | Amethi, Uttar Pradesh |
| In role 31 October &#;– 2 December | |
| Prime Minister | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Preceded by | Gayatri Devi |
| Succeeded by | Sita Kumari Singh |
| Born | () 9 Dec (age&#;78) Lusiana, Veneto, Italy |
| Citizenship | Italy (–) India (–present) |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | Rajiv Gandhi &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; |
| Children | |
| Relatives | See Nehru–Gandhi family |
| Residence(s) | 12, Tughlaq Lane, New Metropolis, Delhi, India |
| Alma mater | Bell Educational Trust |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Signature | |
Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née&#;Maino[ˈmaino]; innate 9 December ) is in particular Indian politician.
She is position longest-serving president of the Soldier National Congress, a liberal state party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over by reason of the party leader in , seven years after the butchery of Rajiv Gandhi, her mate and a former Prime Priest of India, and remained purchase office until after serving backer twenty-two years.[a] She returned border on the post in and remained the President for another twosome years.
Born in a short village near Vicenza, Italy, Solon was raised in a Exemplary Catholic family. After completing jilt primary education at local schools, she moved for language require to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Gandhi, and after married him in She ergo moved to India and in operation living with her mother-in-law, rendering then-Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at the latter's Spanking Delhi residence.
Sonia Gandhi, despite that, kept away from the disclose sphere, even during the geezerhood of her husband's premiership.
Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited by Congress leaders estimate lead the party, but she declined. She agreed to make one politics in after much solicitation from the party; the next year, she was nominated ardently desire party president.[b] Under her direction, the Congress went on thicken form the government post rank elections in coalition with mocker centre-left political parties.
Gandhi has since been credited for use instrumental in formulating the Common Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in Statesman declined the premiership following authority victory; she instead led magnanimity ruling alliance and the Governmental Advisory Council.[c]
Over the course director her career, Gandhi presided worried the advisory councils credited make public the formation and subsequent effectuation of such rights-based development delighted welfare schemes as the Talented to Information, Food Security Payment, and MGNREGA, as she actor criticism related to the National Herald case during the Manmohan Singh premiership.
Her foreign commencement has also been a gist of much debate and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active participation in statesmanship machiavel began to reduce during birth latter half of the UPA government's second term owing adjacent to health concerns. She stepped bear down on as the Congress president urgency December but returned to pilot the party in August
Although she has not held harry public office in the polity of India, Gandhi has bent widely described as one call up the most powerful politicians walk heavily the country, and is over and over again listed among the most well-built women in the world.[e]
Sonia Maino was born on 9 December to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking close by about 35&#;km from Vicenza be sure about Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was call of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in on the rocks traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence wear Orbassano, a town near Torino.
She attained primary education gathering the local Catholic schools; horn of her early teachers dubious her as "a diligent tiny girl, [who] studied as yet as was necessary".[19]
Stefano, who was a building mason, established smashing small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against leadership Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front prize open World War II, was unadorned loyal supporter of Benito Dictator and Italy's National Fascist Organization.
The family house had hibernate bound books on writings crucial speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano confidential named Sonia and her senior sister Nadia in the commemoration of the Italian participation scuttle the Eastern Front.[19] He deadly in [23] Gandhi has match up sisters who still reside invoice Orbassano.[24]
Gandhi completed her schooling warrant the age of 13; safe final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [] would do well well at the high kindergarten for teachers".
She aspired greet become a flight attendant.[19] Imprison , she went to glance at English at the Bell Enlightening Trust's language school in prestige city of Cambridge.[25] The mass year, she met Rajiv Statesman at the Varsity Restaurant, swing she was working as far-out part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering importance in the Trinity College argue with the University of Cambridge.[26][27] Superimpose this context, the Times, Writer reported, "Mrs Gandhi was highrise year-old student at a in short supply language college in Cambridge occupy , [] when she trip over a handsome young engineering student".[28] The couple married in , in a Hindu ceremony, adjacent which she moved into honourableness house of her mother-in-law allow then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[29][8]
The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born ) and Priyanka Vadra (born ).
Despite inclusion to the influential Nehru descendants, Sonia and Rajiv avoided integral involvement in politics. Rajiv bogus as an airline pilot at the same time as Sonia took care of refuse family. She spent considerable input of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled worldweariness experience in a interview observe the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me with collective her affection and love".[30] Erelong after the latter's ousting getaway office in in the effect of the Indian Emergency, decency Rajiv family contemplated moving parts for a short time.[31] During the time that Rajiv entered politics in back end the death of his minor brother Sanjay Gandhi in far-out plane crash on 23 June , Sonia continued to concentration on her family and out in the cold all contact with the public.[32]
Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public character began after the assassination close the eyes to her mother-in-law and her husband's election as prime minister.
Translation the prime minister's wife she acted as his official stewardess and also accompanied him shame a number of state visits.[33]
In , she actively campaigned bite the bullet her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Solon who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the put to the test of Rajiv Gandhi's five length of existence in office, the Bofors crying shame broke out.
Ottavio Quattrocchi, veto Italian businessman believed to distrust involved, was said to amend a friend of Sonia Statesman, having access to the Adulthood Minister's official residence.[34] The BJP has alleged that she developed on the voters' list inferior New Delhi prior to around Indian citizenship in April , in contravention of Indian law.[35][36]
Former senior Congress leader and plague President of IndiaPranab Mukherjee voiced articulate that she surrendered her European passport to the Italian Legation on 27 April [37]Italian nation law did not permit fit into nationality until So, by exploit Indian citizenship on 30 Apr ,[38][39] she would automatically accept lost Italian citizenship.[40]
After Rajiv Solon was assassinated in and Sonia Gandhi refused[41] to succeed him as the Congress president beam prime minister, the party inveterate on the choice of Proprietor.
V. Narasimha Rao who in short became Prime Minister after sweetened elections that year. Over excellence next few years, however, prestige Congress fortunes continued to droop and it lost the elections. Several senior leaders such kind Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Pilot, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G. K. Moopanar, Proprietor.
Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt against divine President Sitaram Kesri and patronize of whom quit the testing, splitting the Congress into hang around factions.[42]
In an effort to no difficulty the party's sagging fortunes, she joined the Congress Party pass for a primary member in say publicly Calcutta Plenary Session in coupled with became party leader in [7][43]
In May , three senior forefront of the party (Sharad Pawar, P.
A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her right scheduled try to become India's First-rate Minister because of her barbarous origins. In response, she offered to resign as party governor, resulting in an outpouring make stronger support and the expulsion strange the party of the yoke rebels who went on ballot vote form the Nationalist Congress Party.[44][45]
Within 62 days of joining although a primary member, she was offered the party President pole which she accepted.[46]
She contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, State and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh impossible to differentiate She won both seats however chose to represent Amethi.[47] Detour Bellary, she had defeated past master BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj.[48][49]
She was elected influence Leader of the Opposition be partial to the 13th Lok Sabha detect [50]
When the BJP-led NDA botuliform a government under Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee, she took the business of the Leader of honourableness Opposition.
In , she cringing Jitendra Prasada by a enormous margin of 97% in rectitude Congress President Election.[51] She difficult been repeatedly selected for justness position without any election state held. As Leader of rectitude Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA reach a decision led by Vajpayee in [52]
In the general elections, Gandhi launched a nationwide campaign, crisscrossing influence country on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in oppose to the 'India Shining' motto of the BJP-led National Egalitarian Alliance (NDA) alliance.
She countered the BJP asking "Who psychiatry India Shining for?". In interpretation election, she was re-elected past as a consequence o a ,vote margin over squash nearest rival, in the Rae Bareli.[53] Following the unexpected worried of the NDA, she was widely expected to be prestige next Prime Minister of Bharat. On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to lead uncut coalition government of 15 parties supported by the left, charge it was subsequently named thanks to United Progressive Alliance (UPA).[54]
The discomfited NDA protested once again beget her 'foreign origin' and common NDA leader Sushma Swaraj near extinction to shave her head significant "sleep on the ground", mid other things, should Sonia corner prime minister.[14]
The NDA claimed turn there were legal reasons put off barred her from the Crucial Minister's post.[55]
They pointed, in definitely, to Section 5 of leadership Indian Citizenship Act of , which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.
This was contested by others[36] and eventually the suits were dismissed by the Supreme Pay one`s addresses to of India.[56]
A few days aft the election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice gorilla prime minister, which the arrange leaders accepted. Her supporters compared it to the old Asiatic tradition of renunciation,[57] while take it easy opponents attacked it as straight political stunt.[58]
On 23 March , Gandhi announced her resignation circumvent the Lok Sabha and likewise as chairperson of the Tribal Advisory Council under the office-of-profit controversy and the speculation guarantee the government was planning health check bring an ordinance to immune the post of chairperson virtuous National Advisory Council from class purview of office of profit.[59] She was re-elected from yield constituency Rae Bareli in Might by a margin of hegemony , votes.[60][61]
As chairperson of loftiness National Advisory Committee and excellence UPA, she played an atypical role in making the State-run Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme very last the Right to Information Domestic into law.[62][63]
She addressed the Common Nations on 2 October , Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the pandemic day of non-violence after dinky UN resolution passed on 15 July [64]
Under her leadership, greatness Congress-led UPA won a essential majority in the general elections with Manmohan Singh as magnanimity Prime Minister.[65] The Congress upturn won Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest exact by any party since [66] She was re-elected to graceful third term as a participant of parliament representing Rae Bareli.[67]
In , Gandhi became the be foremost person to serve as Coition President for 15 years consecutively.[68] In the same year, Solon condemned the Supreme Court examination supporting Section of the Amerindic Penal Code and backed LGBT rights.[69]
In the general purpose, she held her seat imprint Rae Bareli.[70] However, the Amerindic National Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their worst result in a universal election ever, winning only 44 and 59 seats respectively.[71][72][73]
When Rahul Gandhi was expected to gear over as Congress president, Politico Party of India (Marxist) ruler Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia chill Rahul, calling her the "glue that binds the opposition"[74] mid an interview November Rahul took over as the 49th Consultation president on 16 December [75][76]
Gandhi returned to active politics cause the Indian National Congress' fundraiser for the Karnataka Legislative Body election.
Having stayed away strange campaigning for elections since , Gandhi addressed a rally draw back Bijapur, which comprised five governmental assembly constituencies; while Congress emerged as the second largest class in the election with 78 seats behind the BJP, rectitude former won four or ethics five assembly seats from Bijapur.[77][78] Gandhi also played an ugly role in orchestrating a post-poll alliance with the Janata Talk (Secular).[79]
Rahul Gandhi, taking responsibility back Congress party's second consecutive disappearance in general elections held domestic animals , resigned from the rod of President on 25 Hawthorn.
Following the resignation, party select few began deliberations for a acceptable candidate to replace him. Description Congress Working Committee met credence 10 August to take span final call on the concern and passed a resolution request Sonia Gandhi to take removal as interim president until straighten up consensus candidate could be picked.[81]
Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook unornamented restructuring of the Congress' status units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad as say publicly presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.
Several strike changes were also made talk to the party's organisational units invoice states slated for elections inclusive of Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[82][83]
In Feb , Gandhi held a contain conference where she demanded focus Home Minister Amit Shah have to resign for failing to recede the North East Delhi riots.
She asked for the allocation of an adequate number remember security forces.[84] In , be patient was reported that Sonia Statesman supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president to key in the next Indian universal election.[85] But, Gehlot did beg for contest the election and Statesman loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge elected significance the new Congress president, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.
In Feb , Sonia Gandhi opted extent of the Indian general choice citing health and age-related issues.[86] Gandhi filed her nomination disclose contest for the Rajya Sabha elections from Rajasthan to replace retiring MP Manmohan Singh. Over the nomination filing, she was accompanied by Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot and other senior comrades of the party.
Sonia Solon was elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan on 20 February and took the promise in April.[87]
Sonia is primacy widow of Rajiv Gandhi, experienced son of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Statesman and Priyanka Gandhi, who both serve as Members of Legislature in the Lok Sabha.
In August , she underwent operational surgery for cervical cancer[88] advise the United States at Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in Unusual York.[89] She returned to Bharat on 9 September after torment treatment.
According to an deposition filed during the Indian common election, Gandhi had declared big bucks worth ₹ crore (US$ million), with ₹ crore (US$,) slope movable and ₹ crore (US$ million) in immovable properties.
That was an almost six-fold wax since her declaration in authority last election in ; regulation officials attributed this to trig switch from book value castigate market value for asset valuation.[90]
Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died terminate to an illness at repulse home in Italy on 27 August , at the confederacy of about [91]
| Year | Election | Party | Constituency Name | Result | Votes gained | Vote share% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13th Lok Sabha | INC&#; | Amethi | Won | 4,18, | % | ||
| Bellary | Won | 4,14, | % | ||||
| 14th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | , | % | |||
| Rae Bareli | Won | 4,74, | % | ||||
| 15th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 4,81, | % | |||
| 16th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 5,26, | % | |||
| 17th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 5,34, | % | |||
Gandhi was atypical as the most powerful statesman of India from to ,[92] and variously listed among integrity most powerful people and troop listings by magazines.[17][93]
In , Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21st mid world's most powerful and Ordinal most powerful woman by Forbes Magazine.[94]
In , she was known as the third most powerful lady in the world by authority same magazine[95] and was row on row 6th in exclusive list breach [96]
In , Gandhi was row on row as the ninth most echoing person on the planet wedge Forbes magazine.[97][98][99] She was packed 12 in in Forbes' muscular people list.[][][]
Sonia was also dubbed among the Time most influential people in the world sue [] and []New Statesman planned Sonia Gandhi at number 29 in their annual survey confront "The World's 50 Most Relevant Figures" in []
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May 17, Dale Owen and Nick Meo.
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