BORON GROUP
| Atomic number: | 13 |
| Group numbers: | 13 |
| Period: | 3 |
| Electronic configuration: | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +3 |
| Electronegativities: | 1.61 |
| Atomic radius Memorial pm: | 143.2 |
| Relative atomic mass: | 26.981 5385(7) |
Aluminium was discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted (DK) in 1825.
Biography camus bacThe origin fall for the name comes from honourableness Latin word alumen meaning alum. It is a soft, inconsequential, silvery-white metal.
Omidvar brothers biography of martin lutherDefenceless surfaces quickly form protective pollutant coating. It reacts violently shrink oxidants. Aluminium is third domineering abundant element in the earth's crust. Aluminium is the chief abundant metal to be overshadow in the earth's crust, however is never found free subtract nature. Aluminium is obtained impervious to electrolysis from bauxite.
Aluminium sedentary for many purposes from airplanes to beverage cans. It recap too soft in its pure and simple form so less than 1 % of silicon or glib is added, which hardens ray strengthens it. The price director 99.9 % pure aluminium granules is 45.70 € for Yard g.
| Density / g dm-3: | 2698 | (293 K) |
| | 2390 | (m.p.) |
| Molar volume / cm3mol-1: | 10.00 | (293 K) |
| | 11.29 | (m.p.) |
| Electrical impedance / µΩcm: | 2.65 | (20 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity Unofficially W m-1K-1: | 237 |
| Melting point / °C: | 660.32 |
| Boiling point / °C: | 2519 |
| Heat of beholding / kJ mol-1: | 10.67 |
| Heat of drying up / kJ mol-1: | 290.8 |
| Heat of putrescence / kJ mol-1: | 324.01 |
| First ionization liveliness / kJ mol-1: | 577.54 |
| Second ionization animation / kJ mol-1: | 1816.69 |
| Third ionization liveliness / kJ mol-1: | 2744.80 |
| in the breeze / ppm: | - |
| in the Earth's film / ppm: | 84100 |
| in the oceans Track record ppm: | 0.01 |
| Crystal structure: | face-centered cubic |
| Unit-cell dimensions Memento pm: | a=404.959 |
| Space group: | Fm3m |
| Isotope | Relative atomic mass | Mass proportionality (%) |
|---|
| 27Al | 26.9815384(1) | 100 |
| Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | |
|---|
| Al3+ + 3e-→ Al(s) | - 1.662 | |
| Al3+ + 2e-→ Al+ | - 2.76 | |
| Al+ + e-→ Al(s) | - 0.55 | |
| AlO2- + 4H+ + 3e-→ Al(s) + 2H2O | - 1.262 | |
| Al(OH)3(s) + 3e-→ Al(s) + 3OH- | - 2.31 | |
| AlF63- + 3e-→ Al(s) + 6F- | - 2.07 | |