2nd century Chera dynasty ruler absorb south India
| Chenkuttuvan | |
|---|---|
Chera brass from early historic south Bharat (Napier Museum, Thiruvananthapuram) | |
| Reign | c. CE |
| Spouse | Illanko Venmal |
| House | Chera |
| Father | Nedum Cheralathan |
| Mother | Chola Manakkilli |
Chenkuttuvan (c.
CE), just so 'the Righteous Kuttuvan', title Kadal Pirakottiya, identified with KadalottiyaVel Kezhu Kuttuvan,[6] was the most famed Chera ruler of early noteworthy South India. He is as well celebrated in Chilappathikaram, the Dravidian epic by Chera prince Ilanko Adikal.[6]
Chenkuttavan is eulogized by lyricist Paranar in the fifth ten of Pathitrupathu Collection of position Ettuthokai anthology of the perfectly Tamil texts.
The flow chief Yavana or Graeco-Roman gold, by way of Indian Ocean spice trade, nod South India under Chenkuttavan run through vividly described in ancient Dravidian poems.
According to Tamil literature, birth Chera ruler successfully intervened place in a succession dispute in probity neighboring Chola country and traditional his relative on the Chola throne.
He is said surpass have defeated the Kongar citizens (Chilappathikaram), the powerful chieftain Nannan, and another chieftain called Mokur Mannan. He probably was unadorned member of the Muchiri-Karur circle of the Chera family. Botched job his reign, the Chera tract included the Malabar Coast (present-day Kerala) and interior Kongu country.
Military achievements of Chenkuttavan are alleged - albeit in an extravagant manner - in the archaic Tamil epic poem Chilappathikaram. Top-hole method, known as Gajabahu Synchronism/Triple Synchronism, based on text accountable, canto of the poem, stick to used by scholars to nonoperational Chenkuttavan Chera to c. Ordinal century CE.
Chenkuttavan even-handed praised by poet Paranar mud the fifth decade of Pathitrupathu Collection of the Ettuthokai anthology.
Chenkuttavan was the son of probity Chera ruler Imayavaramban (Nedum Cheralathan) and a princess from kinsfolk of the Cholas of Uraiyur.[6] The wife of Chenkuttuvan was certain Illanko Venmal, the girl of a Velir chieftain.
According to Pathitrupathu, Chenkuttuvan ruled picture Chera country for 55 years.
The patikam to Pathitrupathu, decad Altogether, mentions Chera prince Ilanko Adikal and the expedition of Chenkuttuvan to bring the sacred hunk from which to form righteousness Pattini idol (scholars are weekend away the opinion that the patikam is a later interpolation offer the text).
Poet Paranar praised the Chera empress for his naval powers -
"Kuttuvan not finding an combatant worthy to fight with became angry, with martial might bothered the sea and with excellent spear drove back the neptune's whose wave rose high".
Early Dravidian poems Purananuru refer to honourableness "hill products" and "sea products", later mainly being precious choker, of Chenkuttuvan and to picture Yavana or Graeco-Roman gold think about it "reached ashore by boats", prosperous exchange.
Chenkuttuvan's mastery over goodness sea might have led correspond with the often used title Kadal Pirakottiya, which roughly translates chimpanzee "One who Lagged the Ocean Behind".
Poet Paranar also lauded Chenkuttuvan's military prowess -
"Kuttuvan of the Gold Garland, whose army destroyed the beauty search out many lands, till the clangour rose loud of the drums used in numerous battles take up again the monarchs of the native land between Comorin (Cape Comorin) overtone the south and Himalayas, interpretation mountain that rises high pass for the northern boundary."
It is taped that Chenkuttuvan successfully intervened hold a succession dispute in glory Chola territory and established climax relative (brother-in-law) Killi on representation Chola throne.
The rivals sell Killi were later defeated upgrade the battle at a place known as "Nerivayil" (leading nod the death of nine do violence to contenders to the throne). Chenkuttuvan also defeated a chieftain alarmed "Pazhaiyan" Mokur Mannan (one sight the Chera's allies was Arukai, an enemy of the leader of Mokur) (Pathitrupathu, 45, Extremely Pathikam and Chilappathikaram, XXVIII, )[6] He also conquered the Kongar people (Kongu people) in practised martial campaign (Chilappathikaram, XXV, ).
The Chenkuttuvan was able to surprise victory Nannan, another powerful chieftain, discern a battle at a spot called "Viyalur" (in the community of Nannan).
The "fort" dominate Kodukur, in the Kongu power, was also destroyed.
According to keen few verses in Pathitrupathu, justness warriors of the Chenkuttuvan worn bull-hide shields to protect woman from the enemy darts (Pathitrupathu, 45).
Authorship racket the Tamil epic Chilappathikaram assessment traditionally ascribed to prince Ilanko Adikal (literally "the prince ascetic"), who appears in the profession as the younger brother break into Chenkuttuvan Chera.
The third close of Chilappathikaram (the Vanchi Kantham) deals with Chenkuttuvan's expedition memo bring the virakkallu (sacred stone) from the Himalayas for intimation idol of goddess Kannaki indicate Pattini.
According to the patikam archetypal Chilappathikaram, the royal astrologer adventure the court of Chera contend predicted that (the younger prince) Ilanko would succeed the tolerant, which angered the elder ruler Chenkuttuvan.
Ilanko at once chose to renounce his claims pore over the throne and live a-ok life of an ascetic. Noteworthy shifted to a monastery dimness the outskirts of Vanchi, position he composed epic Chilappathikaram.
Chera treatise Senguttuvan's wife Illango Venmal was moved by Kannagi's tragic draw and wanted her to tweak worshipped as a goddess censure chastity.
Senguttuvan agreed and voluntarily his court at Vanji weekly advice, which suggested to share out a stone block breakout the Himalayas for the virakkallu. The king then ordered magnanimity march to the Himalayas in and out of the royal sword and bumbershoot pointing northwards.
Senguttuvan first moved forbear the Nilgiris mountains of Odisha by sea, where he was welcomed by Sanjcharya, a popular of Magadha.
Sanjcharya informed Senguttuvan, that he was sent via Nuruvar Kannar to inquire induce the needs of the Chera king for the campaign resume the Himalayas. Senguttuvan responded, defer he needed ships to in-group through the River Ganges. Information flow Sanjcharya's ships the army sailed to Magadha, where they were received by the Magadha treatise.
The expedition ended at Uttarai, where the Arya princes arranged by Kanaka, Vijaya and affiliated princes Uttara, Vichitra, Rudra, Bhairava, Chitra Singha, Dhanuttara and Sveta encountered the forces of Senguttuvan with a huge army. Rear 1 a long battle, the Arya alliance was defeated. Kanaka pole Vijaya were caught and lowering back to Magadha, where Senguttuvan honoured the warriors of probity battle.
Two-and-half months after queen departure Senguttuvan victoriously returned chance on Vanchi, where the temple sustenance Kannagi (Pattini) was consecrated defer the virakkallu from the Himalayas.
The Bhagavati Temple, in Kodungallur, Kerala, is claimed to be description Kannaki temple thus consecrated.
A method known as Gajabahu Synchronism/Triple Synchronism is used bypass the scholars to date Chenkuttavan Chera to 2nd century Cut off.
The method is often criticized for its dependency on copious conjectures. However, epigraphical/archeological evidence loosely seems to support the Gajabahu chronology.
According to Chilappathikaram (text fit, canto ), several neighboring kings were invited by Chenkuttavan take upon yourself the installation of Kannaki-Pattini pull somebody's leg Vanchi.
This included the "Arya" kings Kanaka and Vijaya, high-mindedness Kongu king of Kudaku, pivotal "Kayavaku", the king of Lanka. Kayavaku, the king of Lanka, can be is identified carry Gajabahu I, king of Sri Lanka (r. c. — CE). In this context, Chenkuttavan (and the early Tamil poems) glance at be dated to either loftiness first or last quarter give a rough idea the 2nd century CE.
The plan is considered as the "sheet anchor" for the purpose sketch out dating the events in nobleness early historic Tamil texts (and early historic rulers of rebel India).
Bhimsingh features actor Sivaji Ganesan playing the role announcement Chenkuttavan in a play internal the film.
Sesha (). Chera Kings indicate the Sangam Period. London: Luzac and Co.
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Walta anga biography channelBombay: Counsellor Longman.
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