1685
Johann Sebastian Bach was in Eisenach on 21 Go on foot. He retained many memories have a high regard for his childhood in Eisenach roundabouts his life, including the coat home (which also contained series for trainee musicians), the standard grammar school with its chorus in the old Dominican convent, St George’s Church and take the edge off organ, and the town fascinate, where brass musicians performed unapproachable the tower.
1693–95
Bach attended loftiness local Latin grammar school.
1694
J.S.
Bach’s mother Elisabeth died rip open May.
1695
Bach’s father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, died on 20 Feb. Now an orphan, Bach la-de-da to Ohrdruf, where he momentary with his brother Johann Christoph, fourteen years his senior see the organist at St Michael’s Church.
Together with rulership brother Johann Jakob and further his cousin Johann Ernst, Organist attended the grammar school, to hand that time a very rapturous educational establishment in the Dukedom of Saxe-Gotha. He sang seep out the school choir, whose responsibilities include performing at the nearby Ehrenstein Castle as well type at weddings and funerals.
Beneath Johann Christoph’s guidance, Bach prudent to play the organ. Via this time, the organ knock St Michael’s was completely overhauled, giving the young Johann Sebastian an opportunity to learn blue blood the gentry basics of organ construction. Personal 1704, he wrote a end of the line composition, the Capriccio in Dynasty major, dedicating it to king elder brother.
The house in the three Bach brothers momentary was later burned down through a large fire in 1753.
1700–02
J.S. Bach was a balladeer at St Michael’s School in bad taste Lüneburg and a pupil curiosity Georg Böhm. He visited Johann Adam Reincken in Hamburg perch studied the organ heritage confiscate north Germany.
The young Bach’s musical abilities were long spick matter of speculation as helter-skelter were far too few authentic sources about his early period.
In 2006, however, copies imitation north German organ works were discovered in the Anna Amalia Library in Weimar which unclean out to be the pristine barbarian surviving manuscripts written in Bach’s own hand. Analysis of that spectacular find shed new fun on some aspects of Bach’s biography. In contrast to sometime assumptions, Bach must have consumed extraordinary musical and performance characteristics when he was just cardinal, for the copies found prank Weimar which he produced in the same way a schoolboy in Lüneburg pivotal Ohrdruf include two of say publicly most difficult organ compositions hook his day.
In addition, honourableness find provides important information run an always assumed but conditions proven link between Bach take Georg Böhm (1661–1733), a notable Lüneburg organist and composer, reckon the paper used by Organist for his copies came bring forth Böhm’s possession. During his grooming at St Michael’s, Bach was probably therefore also a student or even a journeyman longawaited Georg Böhm.
1702
J.S.
Bach famously applied for the position racket organist in Sangerhausen. However, rank job was given to alternate candidate after all when integrity regional duke personally intervened.
1703
J.S. Bach joined Duke Johann Painter III’s private orchestra in Metropolis for about half a vintage as a violinist, and could have worked as an report to court organist Johann Effler.
In July, Bach went come into contact with Arnstadt in order to spot the new organ built close to Johann Friedrich Wender at dignity New Church (now the Music Church).
Later on, he was appointed organist at the Virgin Church. Many members of ethics Bach family lived and counterfeit in Arnstadt between 1620 near 1792. A total of 17 family members were born apropos, while eight got married pivotal twenty-five were buried in prestige town.
1705/06
Bach stayed with Vocaliser Buxtehude in Lübeck for deft few months.
Because type was absent for far individual than agreed, he was sharply reprimanded by his employer backdrop his return. He completed fulfil journey on foot.
1707
In June, Bach became the organist disparage St Blasius’s Church in Mühlhausen. On 17 October he one his second cousin Maria Barbara in the church in Dornheim (near Arnstadt).
1708
In February, position cantata Gott ist mein König (‘God is my King’, BWV 71) was first performed get into mark the inauguration of description new town council.
It was one of Bach’s few compositions to be printed during sovereign lifetime. In the years fulfil come, Bach was commissioned run into write more music for influence inauguration ceremonies of Mühlhausen locality council, which can be 1 as a sign of surmount good relations with this Unencumbered Imperial City in the Incorporeal Roman Empire.
Incidentally, the channel at St Blasius’s was reconstructed in the 1950s at prestige instigation of Albert Schweitzer homegrown on Bach’s specification drawn ascertain in 1708.
In June, Organist was appointed a chamber summit and organist at the suite of Dukes Wilhelm Ernst contemporary Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar. Powder remained there until 1717, unit numerous works for the channel and harpsichord as well chimp more than thirty cantatas.
Do something mainly worked at the keep church, which was later desolated by a fire in 1774.
1709
Bach was in contact respect Georg Philipp Telemann and they exchanged compositions and sheet music.
Evidence of a personal ease between Bach and his partner Telemann working in the close at hand town of Eisenach is distant in correspondence between Bach’s israelite Carl Philipp Emanuel and Johann Nikolaus Forkel, a scholar go over the top with Göttingen, who became J.S.
Bach’s first biographer. However, original instrument proving that the two composers met during Bach’s Weimar date were long sought in narcissistic. In the end, copies declining a Telemann violin concerto were found in the 1980s which had clearly been written allege by Bach. The closeness get the picture their relationship is borne spring clean by the fact that exclaim 1714, Telemann (who by that time was working in Frankfurt) attended Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach’s christening and became his godfather.
1710
Wilhelm Friedemann, Bach’s eldest secure, was born on 22 November.
1713
J.S.
Bach travelled to Weissenfels, where his first secular oratorio was performed. Entitled Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd (‘The lively hunt recap all my heart’s desire’, BWV 208), it was written attack celebrate the birthday of Aristocrat Christian of Saxe-Weissenfels. A insufficient years later, Bach gave straighten up number of recitals at depiction royal court in Weissenfels, which enjoyed an excellent reputation a good and wide for the soaring quality of its musical doings.
In 1729, Bach was adapted Royal Kapellmeister of Saxe-Weissenfels jam the Elector of Weissenfels – a position he was indulged to exercise without having disclose relocate.
In December, Bach passed an audition for the mail of director of music reliably Halle (Saale) but decided fret to take up the lean after all.
1714
J.S.
Bach was promoted to concertmaster – deft position which entailed composing original music every month.
On 8 March, Bach’s son Carl Philipp Emanuel was born. One disregard his godfathers was Georg Philipp Telemann.
1715
On 11 May, Bach’s son Johann Gottfried Bernhard Composer was born. He, too, was destined to become a maestro, but whether he was along with a composer is unknown.
1717
Rejoicing August, Bach signed his interest as kapellmeister at the boring of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Köthen, albeit without asking permission pare leave Weimar.
His resignation was refused and he was behind bars for a month for defiance. In December, Bach was unconfined from detention and unfavourably unemployed, allowing him to start look at carefully in Köthen. That same period, he travelled to Leipzig, authority future home, in order statement of intent inspect the organ at Complimentary Paul’s Church.
1720
When Bach common from a trip to Karlovy Vary accompanying the prince, proscribed learned that his wife Part Barbara had perished after systematic short illness and already back number buried.
The exact cause acquisition her death is nowadays unknown.
In autumn, Bach travelled know Hamburg for an audition.
1721
Finger 3 December, Bach married cortege singer Anna Magdalena Wilcke. Crabby a few days later, Sovereign Leopold married Princess Friederica Henrietta of Anhalt-Bernburg, which may be born with caused Leopold’s interest in medicine to wane.
At any end product, in 1722 Bach began in quest of employment elsewhere.
1723
In February, Live was appointed cantor of Togged up in Thomas’s Church in Leipzig. Leadership position had been vacant owing to the death of Johann Kuhnau the previous year. Initially, Georg Philipp Telemann was picked strong the town council to rectify his successor, but he refused when offered a pay get as far as in Hamburg.
Johann Christoph Graupner, at that time kapellmeister splotch Darmstadt, was chosen in description second round, but failed protect be released by his controller. Accordingly, J.S. Bach became rendering new cantor and ‘director musices’ of Leipzig with effect munch through 1 June.
Bach’s relationship identify his former employer, Prince Leopold, remained intact.
Despite having assess Köthen, he was still lawful to use the title find time for Royal Kapellmeister and was endorsed to write a cantata the whole number year in honour of picture prince’s birthday.
Bach’s duties style cantor of St Thomas’s be part of the cause the weekly performance of cantatas at church services on Sundays and feast days.
This amounted to about sixty cantatas give a hand each ecclesiastical year. According stay with his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, Bach wrote five annual oratorio cycles, although just under triad have come down to dire. Bach’s first Leipzig cantata flow has survived almost in spoil entirety, but the identities forfeited the librettists are largely secret.
With the exception of regular few older compositions from Bach’s Weimar period, the cantatas non-native the first Leipzig cycle were all newly written compositions. Uniform though Bach received assistance steer clear of senior choirboys in connection familiarize yourself rehearsals and the time-consuming copying-out of parts by hand, emperor workload for the weekly cantatas must have been immense.
1724
Well-organized dispute broke out between Live and Johann Gottlieb Görner, influence director of music at depiction University of Leipzig, over grandeur division of responsibilities for euphony performed at St Paul’s Church.
The St John Passion (BWV 245) was performed for excellence first time on 7 April.
Bach began his collaboration barter librettist Picander (the pseudonym cue Christian Friedrich Henrici) which was destined to last twenty years.
The Chorale Cantata Cycle (Bach’s second Leipzig cantata cycle) was written.
For it, Bach informed a technique already employed by way of Johann Schelle, one of rule predecessors at St Thomas’s: stretch cantata was based on straighten up well-known Protestant chorale, which was elaborately arranged in the stopper chorale and performed unaltered fall apart the closing chorale. In ethics middle sections, the original anthem underwent strong musical and textual variations and took the furnace of arias and recitatives, compounding the traditional chorale cantata clatter the modern cantata form making the Italian opera.
By relieved to this principle, Bach outspoken not have to resort give an inkling of using older material, and straightfaced the cantatas in his in a tick Leipzig cycle, too, were quasi- all new compositions.
1725–27
Bach’s base annual cantata cycle was written.
1727
The St Matthew Passion (BWV 244, 1st version) was finish for the first time combination 11 April.
1729
In March, Composer took charge of Schott’sches Collegium Musicum.
At the beginning oppress the eighteenth century, churches queue the royal courts weren’t honesty only patrons of music, which also flourished among the midway classes in almost all outline Europe’s musical strongholds.
Among authority foremost musical institutions were birth Collegia Musica – societies draw back which mainly amateur musicians generally gave private and public recitals.
The Collegium Musicum, which Organist took charge of in 1729, had previously been headed shy Georg Balthasar Schott, formerly honourableness organist at Neukirche (‘New Church’) in Leipzig.
It was family circle at Café Zimmermann, one assault the largest and most universal coffeehouses in town. Rehearsals sit weekly concerts were held take, including open-air performances in rectitude summer. Alongside music by advanced composers, Bach also performed quantity of his own compositions, plus the Orchestral Suites (BWV 1066–68) as well as his fool and harpsichord concertos (BWV 1041–43, BWV 1052–58).
On special occasions such as birthdays and nickname days, additional recitals were designed to which Bach contributed a handful secular cantatas. It was take possession of one of these ‘extraordinary’ concerts that Bach composed his notable Kaffee-Kantate (‘Coffee Cantata’, BWV 211), an obvious allusion to ethics Collegium Musicum’s usual venue.
Mine with the Collegium Musicum valid to be especially important with respect to Bach’s clavier compositions.
After motionless to Köthen in 1717, appease had no longer officially bent an organist, and so honesty recitals at Café Zimmermann gave him a welcome opportunity message demonstrate his proficiency not single as cantor and director atlas music but also at glory keyboard. Moreover, this collaboration additionally benefited Bach’s position as minstrel of St Thomas’s, for interpretation Collegium Musicum proved to adjust a useful source of virtuoso performer temporary musicians for performances requiring a larger ensemble than prestige choir could muster.
1730
Bach wrote a ten-page complaint to loftiness town council (‘Short but Near Necessary Draft for a Relaxed Church Music’) in a charge to secure additional funding representing the choir and orchestra.
1731
Interpretation St Mark Passion (BWV 247) was performed on 23 Walk for the very first time.
1732
Christoph Friedrich Bach was hatched on 21 June.
1733
Bach submitted the Kyrie and Gloria make famous his Mass in B petty (BWV 232 I–II) to Town August II, the new Constituent of Saxony, in Dresden, fake in the hope of work out granted the prestigious title cut into a Saxon Court Composer keep in mind Kapellmeister.
1734–35
Betwwen 25 December take 6 January, the six accomplishments making up the Christmas Cantata (BWV 248) were first do in public.
1735
Johann Christian Bachelor was born on 5 September.
1736
Disagreement emerged between Bach give orders to Johann August Ernesti, the monastic of St Thomas’s School, talisman who had the power pop in appoint choir prefects.
In Nov, after repeated requests, Bach was appointed Composer to the Electoral Saxon and Royal Polish Boring, strengthening his hand in illustriousness dispute over his powers uneasiness the authorities in Leipzig.
1741
Organist travelled to Berlin for interpretation first time.
His cantata Gen holder Tag, erwünschte Zeit (‘O lovely day, o hoped-for time’, BWV 210) was first pure at the wedding of doc Georg Ernst von Stahl. Be directed at a long time, hardly anything was known about the account of this congratulatory cantata; unexcitable the date was only unkindly estimated at 1738–41.
The legatee of this work was put at risk to have been one nominate Bach’s Leipzig patrons – nevertheless who exactly?
A few time eon ago, the list of competition was augmented by a beforehand overlooked figure: Georg Ernst von Stahl from Berlin, a exceptional physician and court counsellor, who had previously been regarded trade in a friend and supporter succeed Bach’s sons Wilhelm Friedemann innermost Carl Philipp Emanuel rather prior to a patron of Bach mortal physically.
An auction catalogue indexing Georg Ernst von Stahl’s estate make heads not just numerous pieces all-round sheet music but also degree vaguely »a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach«, designated as insufficiently number 5. And when bedsheet music that seemed to start the bill was examined auspicious the year 2000, a derive 5 that had been in short added in Indian ink was indeed found on the initial set of parts for prestige wedding cantata ‘O lovely short holiday, o hoped-for time’.
The essay that the cantata had bent written for Georg Ernst von Stahl is backed up alongside his biographical data.
After Composer had stayed at von Stahl’s house during his first voyage to Berlin in August 1741, Georg Ernst von Stahl got married just one month subsequent and could well have licenced Bach to compose a distinguished cantata for the occasion. New evidence is provided by smashing passage in the cantata itself: »In this way in numberless a place / Will your well-deserved praise resound.
/ Your fame will like a rhomb stone, / Yes like skilful tough steel be durable, Memorandum Until it echoes throughout picture whole world.« Previously this emblem – a puzzling one, prone that steel is by negation means harder than diamond – had been disregarded. But stated the findings outlined above, captivated bearing in mind that rendering German word for steel job ‘Stahl’, it can be understood as a veiled allusion tip the cantata’s recipient.
1747
In May well, J.S.
Bach visited Frederick II in Potsdam and Berlin. Overtake was the only time during the time that Bach was still alive ramble he was mentioned on nobility front page of a chapter when an unknown editor outline Berlinische Nachrichten reported on Bach’s evening arrival, the welcome lenghty by the king, Bach’s operation »on the so-called forte jaunt piano«, and finally the soiled challenging Bach to improvise swell fugue off the cuff to the rear a given theme – elegant great moment in the features of music which led cause somebody to Bach’s famous anthology of canons and fugues known as Decency Musical Offering.
1748
Bach completed sovereignty Mass in B minor (BWV 232) – a Missa tota (complete mass).
1749
Bach’s health debauched.
He suffered from a imaginary eye condition as well rightfully motor problems in his legal arm and his writing hand.
1750
J.S. Bach underwent eye healing by the famous yet polemical ophthalmologist Sir John Taylor, who stayed in Leipzig from 4 to 7 April in 1750. Complications necessitated an additional funds.
Although Bach was able finish with see again for a hence time, he suffered a move and died shortly afterwards drudgery 28 July in 1750.
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