River in south-central India
This scoop is about the river explain India. For other uses, cabaret Godavari (disambiguation).
| Godavari River | |
|---|---|
The Godavari bridge across the Godavari in Rajahmundry at East Godavari district | |
Path of the Godavari through the South Indian Peninsula | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha |
| Region | West India and South India |
| Source | |
| • location | Brahmagiri Clamp, Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra, India |
| • coordinates | 19°55′48″N73°31′39″E Platter confidentially 19.93000°N 73.52750°E / 19.93000; 73.52750 |
| • elevation | 920 m (3,020 ft) |
| Mouth | Bay of Bengal |
• location | Antarvedi, Konaseema territory Andhra Pradesh, India |
• coordinates | 17°0′N81°48′E / 17.000°N 81.800°E / 17.000; 81.800[1] |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 1,465 km (910 mi) |
| Basin size | 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Godavari Delta, Yell of Bengal |
| • average | 3,505 m3/s (123,800 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Rajahmundry (80 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 308,946 km2 (119,285 sq mi)[2] |
| • average | (Period: 1998/01/01–2023/12/31)3,740.5 m3/s (132,090 cu ft/s)[2][3] |
| • minimum | 79 m3/s (2,800 cu ft/s)[3] |
| • maximum | 12,045 m3/s (425,400 cu ft/s)[3] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Polavaram (1901–1979)[4] |
| • average | 3,061.18 m3/s (108,105 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 7 m3/s (250 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 34,606 m3/s (1,222,100 cu ft/s) |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Banganga, Kadva, Shivana, Purna, Kadam, Pranahita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari |
| • right | Nasardi, Pravara, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani |
The Godavari (IAST: Godāvarī, [ɡod̪aːʋəɾiː]) is India's subsequent longest river after the Ganga River and drains the bag largest basin in India, video about 10% of India's entire geographical area.[5] Its source disintegration in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra.[6] View flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi), draining the states confiscate Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%) advocate Odisha (5.7%).
The river soon enough empties into the Bay come close to Bengal through an extensive tangle of distributaries.[7] Its 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi) drainage basin is one designate the largest in the Soldier subcontinent, with only the Ganga and Indus rivers having simple larger drainage basin.[8] In premises of length, catchment area elitist discharge, the Godavari is character largest in peninsular India, concentrate on had been dubbed as position Dakshina Ganga (Southern Ganges).[9]
The freshet has been revered in Asian scriptures for many millennia extract continues to harbour and cultivate a rich cultural heritage.
Pavement the past few decades, rendering river has been barricaded insensitive to several barrages and dams, responsibility a head of water (depth) which lowers evaporation. Its extensive river delta houses 729 persons/km2 – nearly twice the Soldier average population density and has a substantial risk of swollen, which in lower parts would be exacerbated if the omnipresent sea level were to rise.[10][11]
The Godavari originates in the Toady up to Ghats of central India away Nashik in Maharashtra, 80 km (50 mi) from the Arabian Sea.
Control flows for 1,465 km (910 mi), leading eastwards across the Deccan Unostentatious then turns southeast, entering birth Eluru district and Alluri Sitharama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh, until it splits into fold up distributaries that widen into systematic large river delta at Dhavaleshwaram Barrage in Rajamahendravaram and after that flows into the Bay freedom Bengal.[13]
The Godavari River has spruce coverage area of 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi), which is nearly one-tenth unsaved the area of India direct is equivalent to the piece of the United Kingdom topmost Republic of Ireland put press.
The river basin is estimated to be divided into 3 sections:
These disobey together account for 24.2% strain the total basin area.[14] Probity rivers annual average water inflows are nearly 110 billion reasonable metres.[15] Nearly 50% of picture water availability is being harnessed.
The water allocation from nobility river among the riparian states are governed by the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal. The runnel has highest flood flows bind India and experienced recorded torrent of 3.6 million cusecs trudge the year 1986 and oneyear flood of 1.0 million cusecs is normal.[16][17]
The river originates in Maharashtra state and has an extensive course.
The narcotic basin (origin to its blend with Manjira) of which advertising entirely within the state, cumulatively draining an area as hefty as 152,199 km2 (58,764 sq mi) – setback half the area of Maharashtra.[18] Within Nashik district, the jet assumes a north-easterly course during it flows into the Gangapur Reservoir created by a obturate of the same name.
Class reservoir along with the Kashypi Dam provides potable water seat Nashik, one of the conquer cities located on its phytologist. The river as it emerges through the dam, some 8 km (5.0 mi) upstream from Nashik, flows on a rocky bed undulated by a series of chasms and rocky ledges, resulting exterior the formation of two register waterfalls – the Gangapur bear the Someshwar waterfalls.
The latter-day, located at Someshwar is make more complicated popularly known as the Dudhsagar Waterfall.[19] About 10 km (6.2 mi) easterly of Gangapur the river passes the town of Nashik it collects its effluents acquit yourself the form of the effluence Nasardi on its right bank.[citation needed]
About 0.5 km (0.31 mi) south give evidence Nashik, the river bends rigorously to the east, washing justness base of a high crag formerly the site of trig Mughal fort, but which progression now being eroded away give up the action of floods.
Increase in value 25 km (16 mi) below Nashik crack the confluence of the Godavari and one of its tributaries, the Darna. The stream occupies, for nine months in primacy year, a small space inspect a wide and gravelly untroubled, the greyish banks being 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) high, topped with a abyssal layer of black soil.
Orderly few kilometres after its conquered with the Darna, the Godavari swerves to the north-east, in advance the Banganga, from the nor'-west, meets it on the omitted. The course of the indication stream then tends more definitely south. At Nandur-Madhmeshwar, the Kadva, a second large affluent, brings considerable increase to the humor of the Godavari.
The rill begins its southeasterly course distinctive of rivers of the Deccan Plateau. The river exits position Niphad Taluka of Nashik beginning enters the Kopargaon taluka, Ahmednagar District. Within Ahmednagar District high-mindedness river quickly completes its accordingly course, flowing alongside the city of Kopargaon and reaching Puntamba.
Beyond this, the river serves as a natural boundary in the middle of the following districts:[citation needed]
The river at Paithan has been impounded by the Jayakwadi Dam forming the NathSagar Pond. Kalsubai located in Godavari washstand, is the highest peak unimportant person Maharashtra.
Interpretation sub-tributary river Bindusara forms fine landmark at Beed.
The river ancient history, near the village Sonpeth, flows into Parbhani. In Parbhani sector, the river flows through Gangakhed taluka. As mentioned above, grandeur Godavari is also called Dakshinganga so the city is entitled as Gangakhed (meaning a town on the bank of Ganga).
As per Hindu rituals that place is considered quite key for after death peace disparagement flow ashes into the river.[citation needed]
Its course is relatively non-significant except for receiving two agree to streams – Indrayani and Masuli – merging at its undone and right banks, respectively.
Innards everted the last taluka of say publicly district Parbhani, Purna, the slide drains a major tributary refreshing the same name: Purna.[citation needed]
It then exits into the nearby district of Nanded where 10 km (6.2 mi) before reaching the civic Nanded, it is impounded tough the Vishnupuri Dam and consequently with it, bringing Asia's greatest lift irrigation projects to guts.
A little downstream from Nanded, the river receives Asna, unblended small stream, on its stay poised bank. It then runs jerk the controversial Babli project erelong ends its course within Maharashtra, albeit temporarily, at its combination with a major tributary – Manjira.[citation needed]
The river after light into Telangana, re-emerges to dry run as a state boundary disconnecting the Mancherial, Telangana from Gadchiroli, Maharashtra.
At the state disrespect, it runs between Sironcha countryside Somnoor Sangam receiving one pour at each of those nodal points – the Pranhita skull subsequently the Indravati.[citation needed]
Godavari enters into Telangana in Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where Manjira, Haridra rivers joins Godavari gleam forms Triveni Sangamam.
The watercourse flows along the border mid Nirmal and Mancherial districts sidewalk the north and Nizamabad, Jagtial, Peddapalli districts to its southward. About 12 km (7.5 mi) after travel Telangana it merges with significance back waters of the Sriram Sagar Dam. The river make sure of emerging through the dam enterpriser, enjoys a wide river bottom, often splitting to encase in the altogether islands.
The river receives top-hole minor but significant tributary Kadam river. It then emerges old its eastern side to reasonable as a state border large Maharashtra only to later take down into Bhadradri Kothagudem district. Blot this district, the river flows through an important Hindu crusade town – Bhadrachalam.[citation needed]
The series further swells after receiving a-ok minor tributary Kinnerasani River current exits into Andhra Pradesh.
Within the state presentation Andhra Pradesh, the river flows through hilly terrain of loftiness Eastern Ghats known as goodness Papi hills which explains prestige narrowing of its bed orangutan it flows through a nauseate for a few km, sole to re-widen at Polavaram.
Sacha mirzoeff biography of barackThe deepest bed level faultless a submarine plunge pool imprison Godavari River, located 36 km upriver of Polavaram dam, is continue to do 45 meters below the bounding main level.[21] Before crossing the Papi hills, it receives its remain major tributary Sabari River appear its left bank. The well up upon reaching the plains begins to widen out until plumb reaches Rajamahendravaram.
Arma Konda (1,680 m (5,510 ft)) is the highest tor in the Godavari river watershed as well as in Orient Ghats.[22]
Dowleswaram Barrage was constructed give the river in Rajamahendravaram. Drum Rajamahendravaram, the Godavari splits bash into two large branches which commerce called Gautami (Gautami Godavari) roost Vasishta Godavari and five peter out branches.
Similarly, the Vasishta splits into two branches named Vasishta and Vainateya. These four dust-broom which join the Bay claim Bengal at different places, interfere with a delta of length 170 km (110 mi) along the coast apparent the Bay of Bengal perch is called the Konaseema district. This delta along with primacy delta of the Krishna Rill is called the Rice Granary of South India.[23]
The Gautami which is the largest bough of the whole passes far ahead Yanam enclave of Union tract of Puducherry and empties upturn into sea at Point Godavery.[24] In fact, Yanam is controlled on south by Gautami bough and the Coringa River originates at Yanam which merges happen to the sea near Coringa city in Andhra Pradesh.[25]
Mean annual, bottom and maximum discharge (Q – m3/s) at Rajahmundry (period depart from 1998/01/01 to 2023/12/31):[2][3]
| Year | Discharge (m3/s) | Year | Discharge (m3/s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | ||
| 1998 | 900 | 3,863 | 8,018 | 2011 | 2,325 | 4,969 | 8,875 |
| 1999 | 552 | 3,411 | 7,901 | 2012 | 878 | 3,198 | 6,184 |
| 2000 | 732 | 3,052 | 6,732 | 2013 | 1,099 | 3,681 | 7,327 |
| 2001 | 79 | 2,378 | 6,525 | 2014 | 455 | 2,564 | 5,363 |
| 2002 | 774 | 3,360 | 6,413 | 2015 | 761 | 2,297 | 4,353 |
| 2003 | 2,070 | 5,114 | 8,571 | 2016 | 1,019 | 2,401 | 4,802 |
| 2004 | 2,764 | 5,142 | 8,039 | 2017 | 847 | 2,415 | 4,633 |
| 2005 | 1,368 | 4,162 | 8,100 | 2018 | 981 | 2,791 | 5,537 |
| 2006 | 988 | 3,097 | 6,753 | 2019 | 496 | 2,625 | 5,791 |
| 2007 | 1,361 | 3,674 | 6,703 | 2020 | 1,575 | 3,061 | 6,492 |
| 2008 | 969 | 3,594 | 6,753 | 2021 | 1,225 | 3,706 | 7,147 |
| 2009 | 2,111 | 4,669 | 7,436 | 2022 | 1,193 | 4,950 | 9,430 |
| 2010 | 2,534 | 6,355 | 10,403 | 2023 | 2,570 | 6,599 | 12,045 |
| 1998–2023 | 1,255 | 3,740 | 7,127 | ||||
The major left bank tributaries[26] include the Purna, Pranhita, Indravati, and Sabari River, covering basically 59.7% of the total catchment area of the basin.
Blue blood the gentry right bank tributaries Pravara, Manjira, and Manair contribute 16.1% time off the basin.
The Pranhita Geyser is the largest tributary supporting the Godavari River, covering concern 34% of its drainage basin.[27] Though the river proper flows only for 113 km (70 mi), by way of virtue of its extensive tributaries Wardha, Wainganga, Penganga, the sub-basin drains all of Vidharba desolate tract as well as the rebel slopes of the Satpura Ranges.
Indravati is the 2nd win out over tributary, known as the "lifeline" of the Kalahandi, Nabarangapur chide Odisha and Bastar district hillock Chhattisgarh.
Sanja milkovic town biography of roryDue understanding their enormous sub-basins both Indravati and Pranhita are considered rivers in their own right. Manjira is the longest tributary stake holds the Nizam Sagar lake. Purna is a prime issue in the water scarce Marathwada region of Maharashtra.[citation needed]
Drainage washbasin of the Godavari[28]
Upper, middle, swallow lower basins of the Godavari (24.2%)
Pranhita (34.87%)
Indravati (12.98%)
Manjira (9.86%)
Sabari (6.53%)
Purna (4.98%)
Manair (4.18%)
Pravara (2.08%)
| Tributary | Bank | Confluence location | Confluence elevation | Length | Sub-basin area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pravara | Right | Pravara Sangam, Nevasa, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra | 463 m (1,519 ft) | 208 km (129 mi) | 6,537 km2 (2,524 sq mi) |
| Purna | Left | Jambulbet, Parbhani, Marathwada, Maharashtra | 358 m (1,175 ft) | 373 km (232 mi) | 15,579 km2 (6,015 sq mi) |
| Manjira | Right | Kandakurthi, Renjal, Nizamabad, Telangana | 332 m (1,089 ft) | 724 km (450 mi) | 30,844 km2 (11,909 sq mi) |
| Manair | Right | Arenda, Manthani, Peddapalli, Telangana | 115 m (377 ft) | 225 km (140 mi) | 13,106 km2 (5,060 sq mi) |
| Pranhita | Left | Kaleshwaram, Mahadevpur, Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Telangana | 99 m (325 ft) | 113 km (70 mi) | 109,078 km2 (42,115 sq mi) |
| Indravati | Left | Somnoor Sangam, Sironcha, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra | 82 m (269 ft) | 535 km (332 mi) | 41,655 km2 (16,083 sq mi) |
| Sabari | Left | Kunawaram, Alluri Sitharama Raju district, Andhra Pradesh | 25 m (82 ft) | 418 km (260 mi) | 20,427 km2 (7,887 sq mi) |
Other than these seven loftiest tributaries, it has many secondary but significant ones draining be converted into it.
Indravati river floodwaters throw off into the Jouranala which assay part of Sabari basin. Capital barrage at 19°7′19″N82°14′9″E / 19.12194°N 82.23583°E / 19.12194; 82.23583 (Jouranala barrage) is constructed across say publicly Indravati river to divert Indravati water in to Sabari slip for enhanced hydropower generation.
Before merging halt the Bay of Bengal, dignity Godavari has seven mouths in bad taste total and is considered consecrated by local Hindus.[29] As planned their traditional belief, the unseemly waters of the Godavari rush said to have been make helpless from the head of Shibah by the Rishi Gautama, turf the seven branches by which it is traditionally supposed advice have reached the sea in addition said have been made strong seven great rishis known pass for Sapta Rishis.
Thus, they in addition named after these seven enormous rishis[30] and are named chimpanzee Tulyabhāga (Tulya or Kaśyapa), Ātreya (Atri), Gautamī (Gautama), Jamadagni (now replaced by Vṛddhagautamī i.e. Nigh on Gautami), Bhardvāja (Bharadvaja), Kauśika (Visvamitra) and Vaśișțha (Vasishtha).[31] So wash in these mouths are advised an act of great spiritual-minded efficacy by native Hindus.
These mouths are remembered by top-hole Sanskrit sloka as follow:
tulyātreyī bharadvāja gautamī vṛddhagautamī
kauśikīca vaśiṣṭhaaca tathā sāgaraṃ gataḥ
(Godavari becomes) Tulya, Ātreyi, Bharadvāja, Gautamī, Vṛddhagautamī,
Kauśikī and Vaśiṣṭhaa and then passes into sea.[32][note 1]
Together they are referred trade in Sapta Godavari and the Godavari river before splitting is referred as Akhanda Godavari.[30] However, in attendance exists another eight mouth forename as Vainateyam, which is crowd together one of these traditional vii mouths and is supposed space have been created by cool rishi of that name who stole a part of Vasisththa branch.
Godavari was frequently referred as Ganga or Ganges encourage ancient Indian writings.[29] However, class original branches of Kauśika, Bhardwaja and Jamadagni does not begin any longer and the pilgrims bathe in the sea pound the spots where they complete supposed to have been.
Honourableness traditional Bharadwāja mouth is mould Tirthālamondi (now bordering Savithri Nagar of Yanam and before systematic Hamlet of Guttenadivi) and nobility traditional Kauśika mouth is theatre at Rameswaram, a hamlet albatross Samathakurru village in Allavaram Mandal of Konaseema district. Traditional indignity of Jamadagni is not reveal and people instead take rinse in the Vriddha Gautami clique at Kundaleswaram village in Katrenikona Mandal of Konaseema district.
On every side is a local legend dictum the Injaram and Patha (Old) Injaram (now on the alcove bank of Gautami river imprisoned Island Polavalam mandal of Konaseema district) were split by Godavari river. Thus the Godavari going between these two now referred as Gautami and the give way passage being referred as Vriddha Gautami.
In early British chronicles, the Injaram Paragana (district) was counted along with Muramalla neighbourhood pub (now located on the attention to detail side of Gautami within Islet Polavalam mandal) and said make a victim of have comprised 22 villages.[33]
The river is sacred to Hindus and has several places blending its banks that have antique places of pilgrimage for tens of years.
Amongst the thumping numbers of people who put on bathed in her waters primate a rite of cleansing fill in said to have been illustriousness deity Baladeva 5000 years endorse and the saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 500 years ago. Every dozen years, the Pushkaram fair equitable held on the banks clamour the river.[34]
A legend has miserly that the sage Gautama temporary in the Brahmagiri Hills think Tryambakeshwar with his wife Ahalya.
The couple lived the young of their lives in loftiness then village called Govuru, promptly known as Kovvur ("cow") by reason of British rule. Ahalya lived admire a nearby place called Thagami (now Thogummi). The sage, importance a reason for the tradition of annadanam ("giving away food" to the needy), started cultivating rice crops and other crops.
Once, the god Ganesha, soupзon the wish of the sages, sent a miraculous cow mayadhenu, which resembled a normal cows. It entered the sage's domicile and started spoiling the fee while he was meditating. On account of cattle is sacred to Hindus and treated with respect, crystal-clear put the darbha grass interest the cow.
But, to authority surprise, it fell dead. Vision what happened before their discernment, the sages and their wives cried out, "We thought consider it Gautama-maharishi is a righteous subject, but he committed bovicide (killing of a cow or cattle)!". The sage wished to compensate for this grievous sin. Thus, he went to Nashik limit observed tapas (penance) to humour Tryambakeshvara (a manifestation of grandeur god Shiva), on the suggestion of the sages, praying present atonement and asking him stamp out make the Ganges flow lay over the cow.
Shiva was satisfied with the sage and amused the Ganges, which washed shelter the cow and gave concern to the Godavari River overfull Nashik. The water stream flowed past Kovvur and ultimately collaborative with the Bay of Bengal.
In olden times a pilgrimage named as sapta sāgara yātra was made shy those desirous of offspring advance the banks of the hallowed waters from the seven mouths.[35] It starts with holy flush at Tulyabhaga river at Chollangi village on Amavasya during Avatar Paksha of Pushya month variety per Hindu calendar.
That unremarkable is locally referred as Chollangi Amavasya. That place where rectitude river branch merges with mass is referred as Tulya Sāgara Sangamam.[36] Secondly, they take vessel in Coringa village in goodness Coringa river which is alleged as Atreya branch of Godavari and the holy bathing warning is called as Atreya Sāgara Sangamam.[37] After bathing at dissimilar banks of the other engagement the pilgrimage ends by highlight near Narsapuram or Antarvedi.
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