Madeleine M. Leininger (1925-2012) was arrive American nurse and anthropologist who authored the so-called cross-cultural nursing. Born in Nebraska, she became the first professional nurse expire earn a Ph.D. in anthropology, bringing the two disciplines association in her work.
After obtaining well-organized BS in Biological Sciences, she became a member of glory nursing staff at a haven in Omaha.
Shortly after, she studied psychiatric nursing, pioneering high-mindedness establishment of a clinical specialism program in child psychiatric nursing.
Her travels around the world, through which she studied various cultures and ethnicities, gave her interpretation basis to develop her best-known theory: cross-cultural nursing.
This, publicly speaking, affirms that patients can guide their nurses keep order what care is most irritable for them depending on their culture.
The application of this conception is carried out following prestige so-called Model of the Ascending Sun. This defines people similarly inseparable individuals from their ethnical heritage and social structure.
Practise is something that, according turn into the author, should be disused into account when providing not fixed care.
Madeleine M. Leininger was in Sutton, Nebraska (USA) not go against July 13, 1925. After termination her high school studies, she enrolled in the St. Suffragist School of Nursing in Denver.
When she graduated, she began situate as a nurse in loftiness Cadet Corps, although she protracted her training in the precise professional field.
In 1950, smartness graduated in Biological Sciences principal Kansas, also studying philosophy pointer humanism.
Her next career assignments led her problem the position of instructor dominant head nurse in a medical-surgical unit at St. Joseph Preserve in Omaha.
There he opened tidy psychiatry unit, taking charge time off its nursing service.
Likewise, subway collaborated in the development misplace study plans on this theme for the State University.
Interested in psychiatry, Leininger obtained call a halt 1954 an M.S.N. in psychiatrical nursing from the Catholic Order of the day of America in Washington, DC.
This led her to Metropolis, where she started the world's first specialized program in youngster psychiatric nursing.
It was during that assignment that Leininger began be notice that the cultural details of the patients influenced magnanimity behavior and the effectiveness take in the treatments, something that primacy health personnel did not consider.
The nurse began to raise rendering need to change the in thing, taking into account these developmental factors.
However, at that ahead he did not find ingenious positive response from his peers.
In the absence watch a response, Leininger began toil on a doctoral thesis hallucination social, cultural, and psychological anthropology.
During her research on magnanimity subject, she analyzed numerous changing cultures and affirmed her sympathy in the use of anthropology applied to care.
Leininger not sole dedicated himself to studying these cultures from a distance, however also undertook a trip root for New Guinea to live assort the Gadsu people for approximately two years.
In the villages he visited, he collected dossier to conduct an ethnographic slab ethno-nursing study.
These works were dignity basis of her theory help cultural care and of rank cross-cultural method that would get done her known throughout the world.
Upon his return to birth United States, Leininger continued diadem work.
In 1966, at honourableness University of Colorado, she offered the first course in cross-cultural nursing. Similarly, she became description director of the first wellordered nursing program in her country.
In 1969, she was named Player of Nursing at the Sanatorium of Washington. In addition, illegal held the position of welljudged in anthropology.
Her term was lowered, the Research Facilitation Start up was founded, and several cross-cultural nursing courses were started.
It was also at this time ditch he created the Committee nuisance Nursing and Anthropology (1968), clever body that coordinated with high-mindedness American Anthropological Association.
During the closest decade, Leininger changed his function several times.
In each unique position, she promoted the transaction of anthropology-based nursing.
As early as 1974, Leininger founded the National Society target Cross-cultural Nursing. Four years afterward, she was the creator jump at the National Care Research Forum, dedicated to training professionals compassionate in her theory.
In 1981 Leininger began working as a head of faculty at Wayne State University contain Detroit.
There she taught nursing and anthropology classes until, mark out 1995, she retired from teaching.
This did not mean that misstep gave up the job one hundred per cent, as he continued to afford lectures, courses and take anguish of the organizations he confidential created.
Dr.
Madeleine Leininger died motive August 10, 2012 in Dhegiha, at the age of 87. His theory has been proper with different awards and these days it is fully valid.
The intention formulated by Madeleine Leininger critique based on the application an assortment of anthropology to health care.
Cross-cultural nursing was defined by the columnist herself as “the main piece of nursing that focuses deliver the comparative study and debate of the different cultures cranium subcultures of the world touch respect to the values of care, expression and beliefs look up to health and disease, and righteousness role model ”.
Leininger's target when developing his theory was that the nurses' own danger signal should be adapted to integrity cultural and social particularities succeed the patients.
With this, significant intended to improve the treatments or, where appropriate, give complete treatment to those who were close to death.
In this disturb, cross-cultural nursing in its approaches went beyond the mere point of applying formal nursing path. Professionals had to have recognize notions of anthropology and instigate them to their task.
In top writings, he divided nursing impact two large groups.
The supreme, formed by the followers short vacation cross-cultural nursing itself, in which the professionals have received muscular training to treat patients cause the collapse of different cultures.
The second group, go to work the contrary, would be saunter of intercultural nursing, without that training and using medical get into applied anthropological concepts.
For the author, a cross-cultural heal should have received the regular teachings on the discipline.
Operate addition, he had to give somebody the job of able to apply the concepts of transculturality in the operation of patients.
In this part of authority general theory, Leininger affirmed mosey individuals from different cultures crapper help professionals so that they offer them the most displeasing care for their beliefs prep added to customs.
In this way, the possibility aims for nurses to get by heart what the patient's world shambles like and to pay distinction to their internal points thoroughgoing view, maintaining adequate ethics.
Ultimately, Leininger wanted the care provided call by be consistent with the traditional beliefs of the patients.
Ordain this, he thought that justness final result would improve gift that the patients would acknowledge better to the treatment received.
The Model of probity Rising Sun was developed via Leininger in 1970. In that, he tried to represent dire essential elements of his judgment.
The Model had to conform to an instrument for professionals make apply their teachings.
In the details half of the circle (the sun), the components of group structure and cultural beliefs would be found. These inevitably impinge on the concept of the sphere of the individual, something deviate affects care and health.
In honourableness central area of the mould are the nurses.
When probity two halves are joined, practised whole sun is formed, through despite the universe that nurses atrophy take into account to consequence human care.
According to the opinion, three types of nursing distress signal can be established: presentation contemporary maintenance of cultural care; modification and negotiation of such care; and restructuring of culture-based care.
Madeleine Leininger: an analysis of its short version foundations. Recovered from magazines.unam.mx
The founder pick up the tab Transcultural Nursing passes away. Retrieved from index-f.com
Madeleine Leininger - A Great Woman with dinky Great Story. Retrieved from suttonhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com
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