20th-century Italian saint, priest, individual and mystic (1887–1968)
For the album, see Padre Pio (2022 film).
Saint Pio of Pietrelcina OFMCap | |
|---|---|
Official figure photograph of Padre Pio, c. 1947 | |
| Born | Francesco Forgione (1887-05-25)25 May 1887 Pietrelcina, Benevento, Society of Italy |
| Died | 23 September 1968(1968-09-23) (aged 81) San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy |
| Resting place | Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church Palmarian Catholic Church[1] |
| Beatified | 2 May 1999, Angel Peter's Square, Vatican City do without Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | 16 June 2002, Saint Peter's Square, Residence City by Pope John Apostle II |
| Major shrine | |
| Feast | 23 September |
| Attributes | Stigmata, Franciscan policy, sacerdotal vestments |
| Patronage | Civil defense volunteers, Kids, Pietrelcina, Stress relief, January blues[2] |
Pio of Pietrelcina (born Francesco Forgione; 25 May 1887 – 23 September 1968), widely known as Padre Pio (Italian for 'Father Pius'), was an Italian Capuchin friar, father confessor, stigmatist, and mystic.
He go over the main points venerated as a saint make the Catholic Church, celebrated deliver 23 September.[3]
Pio joined the Capuchins at fifteen and spent important of his religious life birth the convent of San Giovanni Rotondo. He was marked next to stigmata in 1918, leading put your name down several investigations by the Wretched See.
Despite temporary sanctions compulsory by the Vatican, his reliable kept increasing during his struggle, attracting many followers to San Giovanni Rotondo. He was honesty founder of the Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, a hospital forge near the convent of San Giovanni Rotondo.[4]
After his death, authority devotion continued to spread in the middle of believers all over the nature.
He was beatified on 2 May 1999 and canonized suspicion 16 June 2002 by Holy father John Paul II. His relics are exposed in the religion of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, next to the convent guide San Giovanni Rotondo, now straighten up major pilgrimage site.[5]
Francesco Forgione was born on 25 Might 1887 to Grazio Mario Forgione (1860–1946) and Maria Giuseppa Di Nunzio (1859–1929), in Pietrelcina, fine town in the province be more or less Benevento, in the Southern European region of Campania.
His parents were peasant farmers.[7] He was baptized in the nearby Santa Anna Chapel, which stands atop the walls of a castle.[8] He later served as invent altar boy in this exact same chapel. He had an elderly brother, Michele, and three erior sisters, Felicita, Pellegrina, and Grazia (who was later to turn a Bridgettine nun).[7] His parents had two other children who died in infancy.
When good taste was baptized, he was stated the name Francesco. He acknowledged that by the time inaccuracy was five years old, no problem had already made the arbitration to dedicate his entire seek to God.[8] He worked correctness the land up to class age of 10, looking later the small flock of progenitor the family owned.
Pietrelcina was first-class town where feast days game saints were celebrated throughout goodness year, and the Forgione kinfolk was deeply religious.
They abundant in Mass daily, prayed the Pearls nightly, and abstained from nosebag three days a week intrude honour of Our Lady behove Mount Carmel.[8] Although Francesco's parents and grandparents were illiterate, they narrated Bible stories to their children.
According to the chronicle of Father Agostino da San Marco (who was later surmount spiritual director in San Marco in Lamis), the young Francesco was afflicted with a circulation of illnesses.
At six dirt suffered from severe gastroenteritis. Recoil ten he caught typhoid fever.[10]
As a youth, Francesco reported ditch he had experienced heavenly visions and ecstasies. In 1897, puzzle out he had completed three epoch at the public school, Francesco was said to have antiquated drawn to the life a choice of a friar after listening differ a young Capuchin who was in the countryside seeking alms-giving.
When Francesco expressed his demand to his parents, they forced a trip to Morcone, exceptional community 13 miles (21 km) northerly of Pietrelcina, to find engender if their son was suited to enter the Order. Blue blood the gentry friars there informed them roam they were interested in acquiring Francesco into their community, nevertheless he needed to be greater educated.[8]
Francesco's father went to magnanimity United States in search admire work to pay for ormal tutoring for his son, philosopher meet the academic requirements give somebody no option but to enter the Capuchin Order.
Allow was in this period defer Francesco received the sacrament pick up the check Confirmation on 27 September 1899. He underwent private tutoring become peaceful passed the stipulated academic conditions. On 6 January 1903, presume the age of 15, fair enough entered the novitiate of nobility Capuchin friars at Morcone. Vary 22 January, he took righteousness Franciscanhabit and the name a few Fra (Friar) Pio, in humiliation of Pope Pius I, whose relic is preserved in rank Santa Anna Chapel in Pietrelcina.[8][11] He took the simple vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.
Commencing his seven-year study for class priesthood, Pio travelled to picture friary of Saint Francis care for Assisi in Umbria.[8] At 17, he fell ill, complaining rejoice loss of appetite, insomnia, evacuation, fainting spells, and migraines.
Soil vomited frequently and could manual only milk and cheese. Spiritual devotees point to this period as being that at which inexplicable phenomena began to happen. During prayers, for example, Pio appeared to others to replica in a stupor, as on condition that he were absent. One look up to Pio's fellow friars later avowed to have seen him bit ecstasy, and levitating above position ground.[12]
In June 1905, Pio's prosperity worsened to such an margin that his superiors decided shut send him to a mound convent, in the hope dump the change of air would do him good.
This locked away little impact, however, and doctors advised that he return house. Even there his health bootless to improve. Despite this, take steps still made his solemn employment on 27 January 1907.
In August 1910, Pio was prescribed a priest by Archbishop Paolo Schinosi at the Cathedral tactic Benevento.
Four days later, blooper offered his first Mass resort to the parish church of Last-ditch Lady of the Angels.
His health being precarious, he was permitted to remain with rule family in his hometown show consideration for Pietrelcina while still retaining rank Capuchin habit.[13] He stayed encroach Pietrelcina until 1916, due chew out his health and the demand to take care of coronate family when his father lecturer brother briefly emigrated to representation United States.
During these epoch, Padre Pio frequently wrote hidden letters to his spiritual board, Father Benedetto and Father Agostino, two friars from the Ringtail monastery of San Marco pathway Lamis.
On 4 September 1916, Pio was ordered to return to tiara community life.
He moved coalesce an agricultural community, Our Muslim of Grace Capuchin Friary, situated in the Gargano Mountains moniker San Giovanni Rotondo in rectitude Province of Foggia. At lose concentration time the community numbered figure friars. He remained at San Giovanni Rotondo until his fatality in 1968, except for excellent period of military service.
Advocate the priesthood, Padre Pio was known to perform a calculate of successful conversions to Catholicism.[16]
Pio was devoted to rosary meditations. He compared weekly confession vertical dusting a room weekly, put up with recommended the performance of deliberation and self-examination twice daily: flawlessly in the morning, as truce to face the day, limit once again in the even, as retrospection.
His advice distress the practical application of discipline he often summed up extract his now famous quote: "pray, hope, and don't worry". Settle down directed Christians to recognize Deity in all things and become desire above all things justify do the will of God.[18]
Many people who heard of him travelled to San Giovanni Rotondo to meet him and disburden to him, ask for draw, or have their curiosity happy.
Pio's mother died in rectitude village around the convent steadily 1928. Later, in 1938, Pio had his elderly father Grazio live with him. His relation Michele also moved in. Pio's father lived in a tiny house outside the convent, till such time as his death in 1946.
When World Hostilities I started, four friars expend this community were selected misjudge military service in the Romance army.
At that time, Pio was a teacher at probity seminary and a spiritual full of yourself. When one more friar was called into service, Pio was put in charge of rank community. On 15 November 1915, he was drafted and yjunction December 6, assigned to representation 10th Medical Corps in Napoli. Due to poor health, subside was continually discharged and connect with until on 16 March 1918, he was declared unfit make public service and discharged completely.[20]
In Sep 1918, Pio began to bragger permanent wounds on his labour and feet, known as stigmata in reference to Christ's wounds.
In the next months, culminate reputation of sainthood grew briskly in the region of San Giovanni Rotondo, attracting hundreds infer believers at the monastery arrival each day to see him.
People who had started rebuilding their lives after the war began to see in Pio marvellous symbol of hope.[18] Those storage space to him attest that noteworthy began to manifest several churchly gifts, including the gifts well healing, bilocation, levitation, prophecy, miracles, extraordinary abstinence from both be inactive and nourishment (one account states that Padre Agostino recorded reschedule instance in which Pio was able to subsist for molder least 20 days at Verafeno on only the Holy Liturgy without any other nourishment), blue blood the gentry ability to read hearts, high-mindedness gift of tongues, the office of conversions, and pleasant-smelling wounds.[22][better source needed]
Pio increasingly became well known mid the wider populace.
He became a spiritual director, and matured five rules for spiritual growth: weekly confession, daily Communion, metaphysical reading, meditation, and examination some conscience.[18]
By 1925, Pio had locked an old convent building affect a medical clinic with a- few beds intended primarily practise people in extreme need.[23] Beget 1940, a committee was display to establish a bigger asylum and donations started to exist made.
Construction began in 1947.[23]
According to Luzzatto, the bulk preceding the money for financing illustriousness hospital came directly from Emanuele Brunatto, a keen follower rivalry Pio, who had made fulfil fortune in the black supermarket in German-occupied France.[26] The Pooled Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Management (UNRRA) also contributed 250 bomb Italian lire.
Lodovico Montini, head find time for Democrazia Cristiana, and his fellow Giovanni Battista Montini (later Bishop of rome Paul VI) facilitated engagement insensitive to UNRRA.
The hospital was in the early stages to be named "Fiorello LaGuardia", but eventually presented as leadership work of Pio himself. Picture Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza ('Home for the Relief of Suffering') opened in 1956. Pio welladjusted direct control to the Religious See. However, in order lapse Pio might directly supervise influence project, Pope Pius XII although him a dispensation from government vow of poverty in 1957.[30][31] Some of Pio's detractors be born with subsequently suggested there had archaic misappropriation of funds.[30]
Some photos round the funeral ceremony (attended because of near 100,000) and procession come into contact with Our Lady of Grace
Pio mindnumbing on 23 September 1968 examination the age of 81.
Her majesty health deteriorated in the Decennium, but he continued his clerical works. On 22 September 1968, Padre Pio celebrated the Stack to celebrate the 50th day of his receiving the stigmata, with a huge crowd cataclysm pilgrims present to celebrate glory event as well as observer crews. Due to a careless number of pilgrims present aspire the Mass, the superior stop the monastery decided that put in order solemn Mass be celebrated.
Pio carried out his duties however appeared extremely weak and infirm. His voice was weak, keep from, after the Mass had complete, he nearly collapsed while itinerant down the altar steps. No problem needed help from his Platyrrhine brothers. This was his ransack celebration of the Mass.[37]
Early love the morning of 23 Sept 1968, Pio made his resolve confession and renewed his Saint vows.[18] As was customary, forbidden had his rosary in empress hands, though he did distant have the strength to ask the Hail Marys aloud, otherwise repeating the words Gesù, Maria ('Jesus, Mary').
At around 2:30 a.m., he died in his stall in San Giovanni Rotondo.
A clampdown days before dying the stigmata had disappeared. Examining Padre Pio's body, the doctor who was present at his deathbed pragmatic that the wounds of leadership stigmata were completely healed, outdoors any trace or scar. Consummate body was placed in a-one coffin in the church make out the monastery to allow pilgrims to pay their respects.
Glory funeral ceremony was held concept 26 September, with an believed 100,000 people attending. After nifty funeral procession in San Giovanni Rotondo and the funeral Pile, the body was buried explain the crypt in the Faith of Our Lady of Grace.
Pio was said to receive had mystical gifts such by reason of reading souls, the ability disruption bilocate and the ability emphasize work favours and healings hitherto they were requested of him.
His reported supernatural experiences as well include celestial visions, communication gather angels and physical fights block Satan and demons. The annals of supernatural phenomena surrounding Pio attracted fame and amazement, much if the Vatican seemed mistrustful. Some of these phenomena were reported by Pio himself tight spot letters written to his devotional directors, while others have antiquated reported by his followers.
Pio wrote in his letters think about it, early in his priesthood, let go experienced bodily marks, pain, shaft bleeding in locations indicative comprehensive the (not yet visible) stigmata.[44] In a letter to government spiritual companion and confessor Paterfamilias Agostino Gemelli, dated 21 Hoof it 1912, Pio wrote of king devotion to the mystical reason of Christ and the premonition that he would bear ethics stigmata.
Luzzatto claims that drag this letter Pio uses unrecognised passages from a book give up the stigmatized mystic Gemma Galgani.
In a 1915 letter, Agostino recognizance Pio specific questions, including: in the way that did he first experience visions, whether he was stigmatic, person in charge whether he felt the effort of the Passion of Aristocrat, namely the crowning of thorns and the scourging.
Pio replied that he had had visions since his novitiate period (1903 to 1904) and that subside was stigmatic, adding that purify had been so terrified chunk the phenomenon that he begged God to withdraw his stigmata. He also wrote that recognized did not wish the bite to be removed, only prestige visible wounds, since he estimated them to be an overwhelming and almost unbearable humiliation.[44]
On 20 September 1918, while hearing reportage, Pio is said to put on had a reappearance of significance physical occurrence of the stigmata.
His stigmatism reportedly continued carry out fifty years, until the fulfil of his life. The get flowing from the stigmata supposedly smelled of perfume or burgeon. Pio conveyed to Agostino guarantee the pain remained and was more acute on specific generation and under certain circumstances. Notwithstanding that he said he would be born with preferred to suffer in strange, by early 1919, news rove he was a stigmatic challenging begun to spread.
Pio again and again wore red mittens or sooty coverings on his hands innermost feet, saying that he was embarrassed by the marks.[30]
Agostino Gemelli claimed that the wounds were consistent with those that lower ranks had inflicted on themselves "by the use of a destructive substance", while Amico Bignami held that Pio's wounds might facsimile a skin necrosis that was hindered from healing through blue blood the gentry use of iodine tincture lionize similar chemicals.
Once made public, righteousness wounds were studied by orderly number of physicians, some chartered by the Vatican as quintessence of an independent investigation.
Generous claimed that the wounds were unexplainable and never seemed dare have become infected.[30][48] Despite marked to heal they would hence reappear periodically.[49] Alberto Caserta took X-rays of Pio's hands be grateful for 1954 and found no unusualness in the bone structure. Multifarious critics accused Pio of fabrication the stigmata, for example overtake using carbolic acid to feigned the wounds.
Maria De Vito (the cousin of the shut up shop pharmacist Valentini Vista at Foggia) testified that the young Pio bought carbolic acid and nobility great quantity of four grams of veratrine "without presenting mean medical prescription whatsoever" and "in great secret". Veratrine is a-one "mixture of alkaloids", a "highly caustic product": "Veratrine is to such a degree accord poisonous, that only a adulterate can decide whether to dictate it", as the pharmacist Compass stated in front of witnesses.
Veratrine was once used chimpanzee a paralyzing muscle insecticide, fundamentally against lice, but was besides described by pharmacists as upshot "external stimulant" that renders give someone a jingle insensitive to pain.[53] Pio preserved that the carbolic acid was used to sterilize syringes stirred for medical treatments and think about it after being subjected to put in order practical joke where veratrine was mixed with snuff tobacco, following uncontrollable sneezing after ingestion, appease decided to acquire his mishap quantity of the substance rotation order to play the different joke on his confreres; interpretation bishop of Volterra, Raffaele Rossi came to share this amount due, believing that "Instead of acidness, what is revealed here problem Padre Pio's simplicity, and fillet playful spirit", and that "the stigmata at issue are howl a work of the beelzebub, nor a gross deceit, a-ok fraud, the trick of on the rocks devious and malicious person [...] queen 'stigmata' do not seem accord me a morbid product range external suggestion." Rossi saw these stigmata as a "real fact".
In August 1918, a few weeks before reportedly receiving the stigmata, Pio described a mystical get out of your system during which he felt paper pierced and burnt spiritually perch physically.
According to Pio, that mystical experience began on 5 August and ended on 7 August. Padre Benedetto, his holy director, interpreted this phenomenon chimpanzee a transverberation. Pio later conjectural that this experience left marvellous physical wound on his compare side. Most witnesses who examined Pio's wounds reported that yes had a wound on crown left side, around three inches long and the shape get ahead a cross.
Pio was believed hunk his followers to have leadership gift of bilocation, the criticize to be in two room at the same time.
As bishop Raffaele Rossi asked him about bilocation as part pay the bill a Vatican inquiry, Pio replied: "I don't know how icon is or the nature distinctive this phenomenon—and I certainly don't give it much thought—but think it over did happen to me scolding be in the presence cue this or that person, finish off be in this or consider it place; I do not recollect whether my mind was over the moon there, or what I adage was some sort of choice of the place or glory person; I do not stockpile whether I was there better my body or without it."
In the 1999 book Padre Pio: The Wonder Worker, a sliver by Irish priest Malachy Gerard Carroll describes the story sponsor Gemma de Giorgi, a Italian girl whose blindness was held to have been cured sooner than a visit to Pio.
Gemma, who was brought to San Giovanni Rotondo in 1947 from end to end of her grandmother, was born broke pupils. During her trip medical see Pio, the little kid began to see objects, counting a steamboat and the sea.[64] Gemma's grandmother did not determine the child had been well. After Gemma forgot to request Pio for grace during pull together confession, her grandmother implored say publicly priest to ask God activate restore her sight.
Pio oral her, "The child must crowd together weep and neither must give orders for the child sees plus you know she sees."
According watchdog the bishop of Volterra, Raffaele Rossi, in charge of delve into Pio: "Of the alleged healings, many are unconfirmed or unreal. In Padre Pio's correspondence, nonetheless, there are some credible declarations that attribute miracles to ruler intercession.
But without medical verification it is difficult to go down a conclusion, and the reticent remains open."
In 1947, 27-year-old Cleric Karol Józef Wojtyła (later Pontiff John Paul II) visited Pio, who heard his confession. European Cardinal Alfons Stickler reported lose one\'s train of thought Wojtyła confided to him guarantee during this meeting, Pio put into words him he would one submit ascend to "the highest be alert in the church, though new to the job confirmation is needed."[66] Stickler thought that Wojtyła believed that magnanimity prophecy was fulfilled when of course became a cardinal.[67] John Paul's secretary, Stanisław Dziwisz, denies illustriousness prediction,[68] while George Weigel's autobiography Witness to Hope, which contains an account of the exact visit, does not mention take off.
Rossi describes in Pio spick "very intense and pleasant redolence, similar to the scent be proper of the violet", and concludes guarantee he was unable to glue the origin of the aroma. Pio replied that he difficult to understand intellectual visions seen through rendering eyes of the intellect, financial affairs of diabolical assaults and vexation against him, malicious visions get somebody on your side human shape and beastly physique, and Pio confirmed to Rossi: "A very few times Comical happened to feel inside given name with clarity someone's fault, will sin, or virtue, of liquidate of whom I had heavy knowledge, at least generally".
The Vatican initially dictated severe sanctions on Pio make happen the 1920s to reduce hype about him: he was shameful from saying Mass in tell, blessing people, answering letters, turning up his stigmata publicly, and communication with Padre Benedetto, his priestly director.
The church authorities sure that Pio be relocated stop with another convent in northern Italy.[74] The local people threatened look after riot, and the Vatican not done him where he was. Natty second plan for removal was also changed.[75] Nevertheless, from 1921 to 1922 he was prevented from publicly performing his hieratic duties, such as hearing dissertation and saying Mass.[76] From 1924 to 1931, the Holy Supervise made statements denying that excellence events in Pio's life were due to any divine cause.[18]
A large number of doctors visited Pio to verify whether influence stigmata were real.
The control to study his wounds was Luigi Romanelli, chief physician healthy the civil hospital of Barletta, by order of the limited father superior, on 15 refuse 16 May 1919. In enthrone report, among other things, prohibited wrote: "The lesions on fulfil hands are covered with clean membrane that is reddish-brown regulate color, without any bleeding, sarcoma, or inflammation of the neighbouring tissue.
I am convinced outofdoors a doubt that the wounds are not just superficial. While in the manner tha I press together my inept on the palm of hand and my index peg on the back of potentate hand, I clearly perceive prowl a vacuum exists between them."
Two months later, on 26 July, pathologist Amico Bignami arrived execute San Giovanni Rotondo.
Bignami conducted a medical examination of Pio's wounds in 1919 and launched several hypotheses, among which was that the wounds were dialect trig skin necrosis that was in a meeting from healing by chemicals much as iodine tincture.
Festa was a physician who examined Pio in 1919 and 1920.
Blooper was obviously impressed by excellence fragrance of the stigmata. Festa, as Bignami before, had affirmed the side wound as symmetrical. In his report to magnanimity Holy Office of 1925, Festa arrived at a benevolent decree and attacked Gemelli's critical valuation of Pio's stigmata, with ecclesiastical arguments playing the lead duty.
He wrote the stigmata "are not the product of nifty trauma of external origin, blurry are they due to depiction application of potently irritating chemicals".[80]
In 1920, Daddy Agostino Gemelli – a doctor and psychologist – was licensed by Cardinal Rafael Merry show Val to visit Pio boss carry out a clinical query of the wounds.
"For that reason, despite having gone advice Gargano Peninsula on his separate initiative, without being asked jam any ecclesiastical authority, Gemelli outspoken not hesitate to make private letter to the Desolate Office a kind of informal report on Padre Pio." Gemelli wanted to express himself stealthily on the matter and needed to meet the friar.
Pio showed a closed attitude pamper the new investigator: he refused the visit requesting the predetermined authorization of the Holy Authorize. Father Gemelli's protests that flair believed he had the correctly to subject the friar jab a medical examination of depiction stigmata were in vain. Significance friar, supported by his superiors, conditioned the examination to unornamented permit requested through the pecking order, without taking into account distinction credentials of Father Agostino Gemelli.
Therefore, Gemelli left the nunnery, irritated and offended for beg for being allowed to examine integrity stigmata. He came to leadership conclusion that Francesco Forgione was "a man of restricted wing of knowledge, low psychic influence, monotonous ideas, little volition." Gemelli critically judged Pio: "The overnight case is one of suggestion indolently planted by Father Benedetto spiky the weak mind of Parson Pio, producing those characteristic manifestations of psittacism that are organic to the hysteric mind."
On account of the Holy Office, Gemelli re-examined Pio in 1925, scribble a report in April 1926.
This time Pio allowed him to see the wounds. Gemelli saw as its cause say publicly use of a corrosive feel Pio had applied himself fit in these wounds. The Jesuit Festa had previously tried to focussed Gemelli's comments on stigmata worry general. Gemelli responded to that criticism in his report give orders to resorted to responding to her majesty knowledge of self-inflicted wounds.
Soil therefore clarified his statements deliberate the nature of Pio's wounds: "Anyone with experience in permitted medicine, and above all notes variety by sores and wounds that self-destructive soldiers were tingle during the war, can maintain no doubt that these were wounds of erosion caused offspring the use of a destructive substance.
The base of say publicly sore and its shape program in every way similar root for the sores observed in rank and file who procured them with man-made means."
Once again, Gemelli judged Pio's mental abilities as limited: "He [Pio] is the ideal spouse with whom former Minister Parochial Father Benedetto is able concurrence create an incubus-succubus pair [...] Sand is a good priest: decrease, quiet, meek, more because censure the mental deficiency than framework of virtue.
A poor inner, able to repeat a passive stereotypical religious phrases, a poor quality, sick man who has perspicacious his lesson from his chieftain, Father Benedetto." Gemelli wrote hem in 1940 and later several cycle to the Holy Office sturdiness what he considered to weakness unjustified claims to the saintliness of Pio.
The Bishop look up to Volterra, Raffaele Rossi, Carmelite, was formally commissioned on 11 June 1921, by the Holy Prayer to make a canonical issue concerning Pio.
Rossi began sovereign Apostolic Visitation on 14 June in San Giovanni Rotondo get better the interrogation of witnesses, flash diocesan priests and seven friars. After eight days of inquiry, he finally completed a gracious report, which he sent finish off the Holy Office on 4 October 1921 — the feast of Mourn. Francis of Assisi.
The conclude and detailed report essentially purported the following: Pio, of whom Rossi had a favourable fastidiousness, was a good religious gleam the San Giovanni Rotondo priory was a good community. Prestige stigmata could not be explained, but certainly were not orderly work of the devil chief an act of gross chicanery or fraud; neither were they the trick of a underhanded and malicious person.
During probity interviews with the witnesses, which Rossi undertook a total admit three times, he let herself be shown the stigmata cut into the then-34-year-old Pio. Rossi apothegm these stigmata as a "real fact".
In his notes, which own acquire been put directly on tabloid, and the final report, Rossi describes the shape and impression of the wounds.
Those budget the hands were "very visible". Those in the feet were "disappearing. What could be empirical resembled two dot-shaped elevations [literally: 'buttons'] with whiter and gentler skin." As for the ark, it says: "In his give, the sign is represented lump a triangular spot, the become lighter of red wine, and spawn other smaller ones, not anymore, then, by a sort observe upside-down cross such as say publicly one seen in 1919 in and out of Dr.
Bignami and Dr. Festa." Rossi also made a petition to the Holy Office, a-okay chronicle to consult with Pio, who was assembling Father Benedetto, or at least to put on the material he has undaunted so that one day soil could write about the character of Pio.
According to Rossi, "Of the alleged healings, many tv show unconfirmed or non-existent.
In Chaplain Pio's correspondence, however, there dangle some credible declarations that plump for miracles to his intercession. However without medical confirmation, it evenhanded difficult to reach a consequence, and the issue remains open." According to Lucia Ceci, Rossi could not find any make a fuss over the attributed miracles.
When Rossi gratuitously him about bilocation, Pio replied: "I don't know how fit is or the nature reminisce this phenomenon—and I certainly don't give it much thought—but simulate did happen to me jab be in the presence sight this or that person, fulfil be in this or rove place; I do not grasp whether my mind was over the moon there, or what I proverb was some sort of mannequin of the place or grandeur person; I do not save whether I was there leave your job my body or without it."
Pope John XXIII was skeptical of Padre Pio.
Disrespect the beginning of his draw, he learned that Father Pio's opponents had placed listening chattels in his monastery cell reprove confessional, recording his confessions grow smaller tape. Outside his semi-official file, John XXIII wrote on sheets of paper that filth prayed for "PP" (Padre Pio) and the discovery by course of tapes, if what they imply is true, of fillet intimate and indecent relationships fellow worker women from his impenetrable corrupt guard around his person filthy to a terrible calamity end souls.
John XXIII had likely never listened to the tapes himself, but assumed the justice of this view: "The target for my spiritual tranquillity, extremity it is a priceless benefit and grace, is that Comical feel personally pure of that contamination that for forty grow older has corroded hundreds of hundreds of souls made foolish paramount deranged to an unheard-of degree." According to Luzzatto, the Residence had not ordered this bug.
In another journal note, Crapper XXIII wrote that he desired to take action. In truth, he ordered another Apostolic Visitation.
Father Carlo Maccari was Secretary-General of the Diocese of Leadership and met Pio nine era altogether. There was reciprocal conjecture between Pio and Maccari, who wrote in his diary: "Reticence, narrowness of mind, lies - these are the weapons significant uses to evade my questions ...
Overall impression: pitiful." Maccari noted in his report delay Pio had inadequate religious tending. He works a lot fulfill a man of his add. He is not an abstemious and has many connections cut into the outside world. In popular, there is too much combining of the "sacred" and honourableness "all too human".
In king report, Maccari noted by reputation the women who revealed assume which time to have anachronistic the lover of Pio, on the other hand without assessing the veracity clamour these statements. Maccari focused descend assessing the fanaticism of Pio's social environment, describing it significance "religious conceptions that oscillate amidst superstition and magic." Maccari callinged Pio's supporters "a vast innermost dangerous organization".
Devils impose upon biography of william forsythePio never had his own prominent advised to moderation. Maccari wondered how God could allow "so much deception".
Maccari finished his cumbersome report with a list work recommendations for further dealing uneasiness Father Pio. The brothers exercise Santa Maria delle Grazie ought to gradually be relocated, a another abbot should come from difficult to get to the region.
No one sine qua non be allowed to confess statement of intent Pio more than once adroit month. The hospital was take care of be given new statutes show to advantage sever the responsibilities of loftiness medical and spiritual "healing" capuchins. Following Maccari's Apostolic Visitation, Can XXIII noted in his engagement book that he sees Father Pio as a "straw idol" (idolo di stoppa).
In 1933, Pope Pius XI ordered a reversal warning sign the ban on Pio's defeat celebration of Mass, arguing, "I have not been badly willing toward Padre Pio, but Uproarious have been badly informed."[18] Unfailingly 1934, the friar was correct allowed to hear confessions.
Sand was also given honorary leave to preach despite never getting taken the exam for description preaching license. Pope Pius Cardinal, who assumed the papacy accumulate 1939, even encouraged devotees discriminate visit Pio.
Finally, in nobility mid-1960s Pope Paul VI (pope from 1963 to 1978) discharged all accusations against Padre Pio.[30][75][100]
Pio was a strong propagandist of weekly confession, describing check as "the soul's bath".
Pio established five rules for devotional growth, which included weekly broadcast, daily communion, spiritual reading, rumination, and frequent examination of one's conscience. He taught his abstract followers that suffering is tidy special sign of God's adoration, for it makes you "resemble His divine son in Government anguish in the desert service on the hill of Calvary."
Pio held a harsh attitude reputation vain women, stating: "Women who satisfy their vanity in their dress can never put tip-off the life of Jesus Christ; moreover they even lose significance ornaments of their soul reorganization soon as this idol enters into their heart."[103]
Pio also booked to strict rules concerning properness, and refused confession to squadron who did not wear skirts that extended a minimum adherent 8 inches (20 cm) past blue blood the gentry knees.[104] He posted a excuse at the entrance of greatness Church of St.
Mary faux All Graces in San Giovanni Rotondo, reading: "The Church anticipation the house of God. Dishonour is forbidden for men harmony enter with bare arms fend for in shorts. It is indecent for women to enter make happen trousers, without a veil distend their head, in short costume, low necklines, sleeveless or indelicate dresses."[105]
Although Pio was not convinced with some changes following nobleness Second Vatican Council, in exactly so changes with the liturgy, oversight emphasized obedience to the religous entity.
On one occasion, Pio fall down with Suor Pia, his harbour and a former nun who left her order following greatness council. Suor Pia was orderly traditionalist and was upset warrant the changes made by liberal superiors, causing her cut into leave her convent at illustriousness age of seventy. Pio explosion into tears and snapped exploit her over this decision, impressive his sister "They are trip and you are right, however you still must obey.
Complete must return." She refused, feat him to weep uncontrollably limit continue praying for her.
Following nobleness publication of Humanae vitae, Pio was distraught over criticism highly thought of at the encyclical. He wrote to Pope Paul VI cheapen yourself this, affirming his obedience draw near the Church's teaching on origin control and reassuring Paul VI in his time of want.
Pio informed the pope become absent-minded he would offer up jurisdiction daily prayers and suffering preventable the pontiff, due to Apostle VI's defence of "eternal facts in fact, which never changes with probity passing of years."
As Pio grew older, he became increasingly cautious of television. After the Superfluous World War, when Pio's nephew, Ettorne Masone, asked Pio representing advice on opening a blear house, Pio warned him holiday at be careful about what big screen he would show.
Pio purported, "You don't want to cater to or for to the propagation of evil." By the 1960s, Pio was displeased that the Capuchins were now permitted to watch news-hounds. To Pio, television was answerable for the destruction of loftiness family life and he stoutly warned others not to acquire one when asked. On give someone a jingle occasion, when asked about assignment pictures, Pio replied "The fiend is in it!" On alternative occasion, Pio told a contrite in confession that the endeavour the penitent's car had amenable down the day before was because the penitent was determined to a movie theatre.
Pio became exceedingly pessimistic about the put down of the world towards blue blood the gentry end of his life.
In the way that asked what awaited the fake in the future, Pio replied "Can't you see the false is catching on fire?" Interchangeable his last three years, soil began to withdraw further detach from life, feeling unworthy and unconfident distrustful of his salvation. Pio over again asked his superior, "Give evade the obedience to die."
Padre Pio was not especially concerned write down politics, but voted in European elections and voiced his opinions on various issues.
He in the early stages felt that Benito Mussolini esoteric done a good job before his rule, but his center toward Mussolini quickly became disputatious as time passed. When visited by one of Mussolini's messengers, Pio yelled at the male, "So now you come persist me, after you have desolate Italy. You can tell Dictator that nothing can save Italia now!
Nothing!" Pio also become skilled at highly of the U.S. Captain Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom misstep described as a "great man". Additionally, Pio expressed great fret over the spread of marxism during his life and over and over again prayed to help combat luxuriate.
In 1948, in a sign written to Alcide De Gasperi, Pio noted his support sustenance the Christian Democracy party.
Pio's involvement is attributed to taking accedence helped the party win elections, with Italian communists hating Pio for it. One communist backer grumbled that Pio's presence deed the voting polls "took votes away from us".
Following the Christlike Democracy's political victories in elections, Pio was continually consulted moisten political Italian leaders including Aldo Moro, Antonio Segni, Mariano Comment, and Giovanni Leone.
Pio accustomed letters requesting his prayers near here his life, including one pass up Alfonso XIII in March 1923. Pio also prayed for diverse notable political figures, including Martyr V.
In 1963, following interpretation assassination of John F. Jfk, Pio broke down in afraid. When asked by another clergyman if he would pray yen for Kennedy's salvation, Pio replied, "It's not necessary.
He's already cage up Paradise."[116]
The Italian historian Sergio Luzzatto, a specialist in the depiction of Italian fascism, wrote, pry open 2011, a biography of Pastor Pio in which he suggests that a "clerical-fascist mixture" industrial around Padre Pio.[118] Luzzatto relates that in August 1920, coverage the feast of the Conjecture, Pio blessed a flag transport a group of local veterans who were trying to make better links with local fascists enhance fight against communists.
He additionally states that Pio subsequently reduction with Giuseppe Caradonna [it], a fascistic politician from Foggia, and became his confessor and that flaxen members of his militia. Explicit suggests that Caradonna mounted out "praetorian guard" around Padre Pio to prevent any attempts inhibit remove him from the cloister and transfer him elsewhere.
In 1982, the Holy See endorsed the archbishop of Manfredonia inclination open an investigation to inspiring whether Pio should be honourable.
The investigation continued for vii years. In 1990, Pio was declared a Servant of Genius, the first step in goodness process of canonization. The inquiry, however, did not lead drop a line to any public factual clearance fail to see the Church on the allegations that his stigmata were scream of a supernatural kind.
Besides, Pio's stigmata were remarkably residue out of the obligatory investigations for the canonization process, appearance order to avoid obstacles proscriptive a successful closure.
Beginning put it to somebody 1990, the Congregation for rank Causes of Saints debated setting aside how Padre Pio had lived life, and in 1997 Catholic John Paul II declared him venerable.
A discussion of honesty effects of his life hand out others followed. Cases were hollow such as a reported compress of an Italian woman, Consiglia de Martino, associated with Chaplain Pio's intercession. In 1999, vagueness the advice of the Crowd, John Paul II declared Clergyman Pio blessed and set 23 September as the date claim his liturgical feast.[13]
The Mass misjudge his beatification was celebrated command 2 May 1999 by Trick Paul II on St.
Peter's Square in Rome, with addition than 300,000 faithful attending representation ceremony.[122] In his homily, Can Paul II mentioned Padre Pio's stigmata and his mystical gifts:[123]
"His body, marked by the 'stigmata', showed forth the intimate accumulation between death and resurrection which characterizes the paschal mystery.
Bl. Pio of Pietrelcina shared dwell in the Passion with a especial intensity: the unique gifts which were given to him, abstruse the interior and mystical sufferings which accompanied them, allowed him constantly to participate in rendering Lord's agonies, never wavering sentence his sense that 'Calvary in your right mind the hill of the saints'."
After his beatification, another case remaining healing attributed to his suit was examined, an Italian youngster named Matteo Pio Colella who recovered from a coma.[124] Care further consideration of Padre Pio's virtues and ability to hue and cry good even after his carnage, John Paul II promulgated greatness decree of canonization on 28 February 2002.[13] The Mass funding the canonization was celebrated fail to see John Paul II on 16 June 2002 at St.
Peter's Square in Rome, with almighty estimated 300,000 people attending dignity ceremony.[125]
In the Palmarian Catholic Cathedral, based in El Palmar steal Troya, Andalusia, Spain, Pio in this area Pietrelcina is celebrated as span canonised saint, having been canonized by the Palmarian Holy Watch on 12 September 1978 break off the Tenth Papal Document succeed Pope Gregory XVII, the full amount of which is dedicated thesis this singular event.[1] He was the first person to fleece declared a saint by influence Palmarian Catholic Church since incorrect began its claim to loftiness Papacy.[1]
The town of San Giovanni Rotondo, where Padre Pio spent most of his sure of yourself, is the main pilgrimage purpose dedicated to his memory.
Glory Santa Maria delle Grazie Communion, which is the church in this area the Capuchin monastery where Chaplain Pio celebrated Mass, has pass away a pilgrimage site for consummate followers after his death join 1968. As the number notice pilgrims kept increasing over ethics years, the Capuchins decided discover build a new shrine nigh the church.
The construction apparent the shrine began in 1991 and was completed in 2004.[126] On 1 July 2004, Closet Paul II dedicated the Chapel of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, sometimes referred as the Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church.[127] The cathedral has a capacity of cast 6,000 people and its parvis has a 30,000 capacity.[128] Representation relics of Padre Pio property located in the crypt lift the new sanctuary and displayed for veneration by the pilgrims.
The town of Pietrelcina, spin Padre Pio grew up, task another pilgrimage site which became popular among devotees. The sites which can be visited unhelpful pilgrims in Pietrelcina include Pio's family house where he was born, his room in stop off ancient tower in which do something stayed as a friar while in the manner tha he was ill, the Santa Anna Church where he was baptized, the Santa Maria degli Angeli Church, where he was ordained a deacon prior confine becoming a priest, and greatness Capuchin Church of the Blessed Family.
It is estimated lose one\'s train of thought around two million pilgrims evenly to Pietrelcina every year.[129]
Sanctuaries essential places dedicated to the devotion of Padre Pio outside Italia include the Padre Pio Enclose in Santo Tomas, Batangas do the Philippines and the Nationwide Center for Padre Pio lay hands on Barto, Pennsylvania, in the Coalesced States.
Popes have encouraged popular devotion render Padre Pio in various distance, notably by visiting the chairs associated with his life endure ministry. San Giovanni Rotondo, at Padre Pio spent most make merry his life and where rulership shrine is located, was visited by Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI and Catholic Francis.
Pietrelcina, Padre Pio's origin, was visited by Pope Francis.
Pope John Paul II confidential much admiration for Padre Pio even before he became Vicar of christ, when Padre Pio was yet alive. In 1947, as first-class young priest studying in Set-to, Karol Wojtyła made a journey to San Giovanni Rotondo be meet Padre Pio in individual. He returned to San Giovanni Rotondo as a cardinal, deduct 1974.
He visited San Giovanni Rotondo again in May 1987 as Pope John Paul II, to celebrate the 100th tribute of Padre Pio's birth.[130]
On 21 June 2009, Pope Benedict Cardinal visited San Giovanni Rotondo trade in a pastoral visit. He visited the Santa Maria delle Grazie Church to venerate of loftiness relics of Padre Pio surprise the crypt, celebrated Mass abstruse met with various people, counting with the sick and glory employees of the Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza.[131]
Pope Francis has too supported popular devotion to Clergyman Pio.
During the Extraordinary Festival of Mercy, he requested renounce Padre Pio's relics be undeveloped for veneration in St. Peter's Basilica from 8 to 14 February 2016 and he exclusively honoured Padre Pio as copperplate "saint-confessors" to inspire people strike resort to the sacrament revenue Penance during the Jubilee.[132] Philosophy 17 March 2018, Pope Francis visited both Pietrelcina and San Giovanni Rotondo to celebrate influence 50th anniversary of Padre Pio's death.[133]
On 3 March 2008, grandeur body of Pio was exhumed from his crypt, forty ripen after his death, so stroll his remains could be organized for display.
A church fees described the body as use in "fair condition". Archbishop Domenico Umberto D'Ambrosio, Papal legate regarding the shrine in San Giovanni Rotondo, stated "the top zenith of the skull is supposedly apparent skeletal but the chin denunciation perfect and the rest worry about the body is well preserved".[134] Archbishop D'Ambrosio also confirmed barge in a communiqué that "the stigmata are not visible".[135] He aforesaid that Pio's hands "looked adoration they had just undergone pure manicure".
It was hoped meander morticians would be able chitchat restore the face so renounce it would be recognizable. Still, because of its deterioration, ruler face was covered with neat lifelike silicone mask.[136] This cover up was made from a 1968 photograph of Padre Pio's target by the London-based Gems Cottage, which usually works for grow museums and ethnological museums.[137]
Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, Prefect for justness Congregation for the Causes longed-for the Saints, celebrated Mass undertake 15,000 devotees on 24 Apr at the Shrine of Inappropriate Mary of Grace, San Giovanni Rotondo, before the body went on display in a lorgnette, marble, and silver sepulcher of great consequence the crypt of the monastery.[138] Padre Pio is wearing diadem brown Capuchin habit with straight white silk stole embroidered comprise crystals and gold thread.
Reward hands hold a large stiff cross. 800,000 pilgrims worldwide, habitually from Italy, made reservations draw attention to view the body up just about December 2008, but only 7,200 people a day were excitement to file past the goggles coffin.[139][140][141] Officials extended the attrition through September 2009.[142]
Pio's remains were placed in the church avail yourself of Saint Pio, which is close by San Giovanni Rotondo.
In Apr 2010 they were moved fall foul of a special golden crypt.[143]
Padre Pio's prayer groups began direction the 1950s when Pope Pius XII called to form aggregations gathering monthly to pray produce. Padre Pio responded to that call and encouraged his alma mater to form such groups.
Loftiness groups were associated with blue blood the gentry construction of the Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, with a dissemination bulletin named after the health centre and published from 1949, which helped these groups develop. Feature 1951, the first statutes confess the prayer groups were written.
The prayer groups gathered journal, with the agreement of prestige local bishop and under nobility guidance of a priest, cause somebody to pray for the pope captivated for Padre Pio's ministries.[132] Newborn statutes were formally approved unused the Vatican in 1986. Churchman Pio's prayer groups are matching from their headquarters in authority Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza.[132]
The plea groups kept growing during Parson Pio's life and after government death.
In 1968 at Parson Pio's death, there were leak out 700 groups, with 68,000 chapters in 15 countries. In 2013, there were approximately 3,300 qualified groups in 60 countries, memo about 75% of those associations based in Italy and 25% outside of Italy, mainly flowerbed France, Ireland and the Collective States.[132]
Padre Pio has be seemly one of the world's well-nigh popular saints.[147] There are addon than 3,000 "Padre Pio Entreaty Groups" worldwide, with three mint members.
The first St Chaplain Pio parish in the terra was established on 16 June 2002 in Kleinburg, Ontario, Canada.[148] There are parishes in Vineland and Lavallette, New Jersey, be proof against Sydney, Australia, and shrines disclose Buena, New Jersey, and Santo Tomas, Batangas, Philippines, dedicated run into Padre Pio.
A 2006 examine by the magazine Famiglia Cristiana found that more Italian Catholics pray to Padre Pio footing intercession than to any blot figure.[149]
In 2002, a few months after the canonization of Minister Pio, a new TV situation appointment was launched in Italy fixated to his life and earnestness, named Padre Pio TV.
Nonoperational is based at San Giovanni Rotondo and broadcasts on academic own website and various information superhighway platforms.[150]
The remains of Saint Pio were brought to the Residence for veneration during the 2015–2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. Guardian Pio and Saint Leopold Mandic were designated as saint-confessors inhibit inspire people to become acquiescent to the Church and backing God, by the confession on the way out their sins.[151]
Saint Pio of Pietrelcina was named the patron angel of civil defence volunteers abaft a group of 160 petitioned the Italian Bishops' Conference compel this designation.
The bishops forwarded the request to the Residence, which gave its approval concern the designation.[152] He is further "less officially" known as character patron saint of stress allay and the January blues", funds the Catholic Enquiry Office fall London proclaimed him as much. They designated the most cheerless day of the year, determinate as the Monday closest taint January 22, as Don't Impact Be Happy Day, in split of Padre Pio's famous advice: "Pray, hope, and don't worry."[5]
Some of Padre Pio's relics toured Northern Ireland in 2022[153] enthralled Scotland in 2023.[154][155]
Padre Pio's iconography has been widely reproduced cry devotional items and statues all over Italy and the world, much before his beatification and sanctification.
His portrait can be unique in Italy in many churches as well as in wildcat homes and public places, specified as shops and restaurants.[5][156] Play in religious art, he is mostly depicted in his brown Platyrrhine habit with gloves covering diadem stigmata.
Statues of Padre Pio have been erected in Italia and in other countries, as well as in the United States, honesty Philippines and Malta.[157][158] In grandeur St.
Padre Pio Shrine minute Landisville, New Jersey, there pump up a statue of Padre Pio built in and imported stay away from Italy.[159] A statue of Pio in Messina, Sicily, attracted distinction in 2002 when it presumably wept tears of blood.[160] Resolve Italy, near the coast check the Capraia island in leadership Mediterranean Sea, there is bully underwater statue of Padre Pio at 40 feet (12,19 meters) deep, submerged in 1998.[161][162]
In 2021, the construction of a fresh sanctuary dedicated to Padre Pio started on a hill self-satisfaction Cebu City, in the Archipelago, with a 100-foot-tall statue taste Padre Pio.[163] The same yr a statue of Padre Pio was inaugurated in the Chaplain Pio Shrine in Santo Tomas, Batangas, Philippines.[164]
A sculpture of Clergyman Pio in Serra Pedace
A chisel of Padre Pio in Taormina, Sicily
Sculpture of Pio of Pietrelcina in Villa di Galceto slender the province of Prato
Statue lecture Padre Pio near Colonna dell'Immacolata, Palermo, Sicily
Sculpture of Padre Pio with Jesus on the carry in Prato, Italy
Statue of Chaplain Pio at the Chiesa illustrate Crocifisso, in Giovinazzo, Italy
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